INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Study Language has a very
important role of communication in human life. We use language as a tool to express ideas, feelings
and to build relationship with other people.
People cannot do their activities well without language. By using language, we can describe our feelings, emotions and
thoughts easier than using other elements.
We cannot respond or react if we
do not understand what other people say, write or signal. Hornby (1972:473) says, “Language is
human and non-instinctive method of communicating
ideas, feelings, and desire by means of a system sounds and sound symbols.” People use language to communicate
and interact to each other. It is easier to convey information to another people in
order to share knowledge. Bolinger (1975:14)
says, “Human-language is a system of vocal-auditory communication, interacting with the experiences of its users,
employing conventional signs composed of
arbitrary patterned sound units and assembled according to set rules.”
All
features about language are studied in linguistics. Linguistics, as we know, has four main branches of study: phonology,
morphology, syntax and semantics and in
this thesis, I focus on semantics. Palmer (1976: 1) says, “Semantics is a
technical term used to refer to the
study of meaning.” In addition, semantics focuses on the meaning of words, phrases or sentences in the
language. The meaning of phrases, sentences
depend on the meaning of the words and the structure. System for analyzing language divides linguistics expression into
two classes: literal and non-literal meaning. Literal meaning denotes the speaker
mean according to common or dictionary usage, while non-literal
meaning (figurative expression) connotes
additional layers of meaning. When the
people eye or ears receive a message, the mind must interpret the data to convert it
into meaning. This set of memories will give prominence to the most common or literal
meanings, but also suggest reasons for attributing
different meaning, e.g., the reader understand that author intended it to mean something different, as can be seen the
examples of literal meaning below: Some examples of literal meaning are: - You are with him now - I will not go very far Both of the examples
express the literal meaning as the real meaning according to dictionary usage.In addition, look at some
examples of non-literal meaning (figurative expression) bellow: - And the words got me choking - Your eyes do not lie Both of the examples
are figurative expression, they express additional layer of meanings. In the first sentence, “and the
words got me choking” implies that the speaker
did not know what he have to say to you anymore. Moreover, the second sentence, “your eyes don’t lie”, in this
sentence represented human being ability.
Every sentence that contains figurative
expression could make the reader or hearer
confused and try to imagine what the real meaning of it. Richard Taylor (1981:165) cites “Figurative languages
surprises the reader because the statements or ideas expressed do not make sense on the
surface level, and since literal meaning is denied, an act of required before the intended
meaning becomes clear.” It is important to understand figurative expression
meaning because it is one of the most
difficult subject t be studied. So in this analysis I try to reveal the
non-literal meaning as my object because
I think it is worthy for the reader who are interested in the meaning especially figurative expression.
There are some kinds of literary
works, which use the figurative expression.
Some of them are novel, song
lyrics and poetry. All of them use it to beautify their sentences and give the magnificent words to
interest the reader or hearer.
Song is the most common thing in
people daily life because song can give various
impacts to the hearer. In a song, we can find lyrics, which complete and beautify the song and makes the hearer more
interested in hearing it In this thesis, I am interested in analyzing the
figurative expressions foundin song
lyrics. Because the composer communicate to the society by expressing his ideas
and feelings through the songs. The
ideas and feelings become difficult to understand because the composer has adopted figurative
expression to beautify his lyrics.
Therefore,this thesis will
discuss figurative expression that found in song lyrics and try to classify and describe them by using
Semantics theory, Conceptual Methapor by George Lakoff &Mark Johnson.
The lyrics of song thatI analyze
are David archuleta songs. I chose these songs because there are so many figurative
expressions that can be found in the lyrics.
Moreover, these lyrics have
magnificent words and the poetic aspects. Besides, he is a top singer in the world. There are many
teenagers who know his song lyrics. David Archuleta was born December 28, 1990. He is an
American pop singer-songwriter. In 2007,
at sixteen years old, he became one of the youngest contestants on the seventh season of American Idol. In May 2008 he
finished as the runner-up, receiving 44 percent
of over 97 million votes.
1.2 Scope of the Study The scope of analysis focused on semantic components, i.e. figurative expressions: hyperbole, metaphor,
personification, simile and irony that I used
to analyze the songs lyrics. I
chose 12 songs of David Archuleta’s songs as object of analysis. Title of the songs: A little too not
over you, You Can, Angels, Barriers, Running, To be with you, Your eyes don’t lie,
My hand, Crush, Desperate, Don’t let go,
Touch my hand.
1.3
Formulation of Problems Two problems emerged in the study are: a. What types of figurative expressions are
used in song lyrics of David Archuleta? b.
Which type of figurative expression is the most dominant in the song lyrics of David Archuleta? 1.4
Objectives of the Study The objectives within this analysis are based on
the problems, they are: a. To find out figurative expressions used in song lyrics
of David Archuleta.
b. To find out the dominant types
of figurative expression used in the song lyrics.
1.5 Significances of the Study A study on
figurative expression is very interesting and challenging because it is one of aspects of the language used. In
this case, the research finding will useful for: 1.
The English teacher; the analysis on the figurative expressions will add the variation of teaching the meaning through the
David Archuleta’s songs lyrics and giving
examples.
2. The students; it would provide
better and clearer understanding on the types of figurative expressions in the songs lyrics
and, it will be very useful for student who is interested in studying pragmatics and
semantics in enriching their knowledge (increasing
their language proficiency).
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
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