INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Roberts (1993:1)
says, “Literature refers to compositions that tell stories, dramatize situations, express emotions, and
analyze and advocate ideas. Before the
invention of writing, literary works were necessarily spoken or sung, and were retained only as long as living people
performed them.” Taylor (1981:1) says, “Literature,
like other arts, is essentially an imaginative act, that is, an act of the writer’s imagination in selecting, ordering
and interpreting life-experience.” Literature
may be classified into four categories or genres : (1) poetry, (2 prose fiction), (3) drama, (4) nonfiction prose.
Usually the first three are classed as imaginative
literature. Prose fiction, or narrative fiction, includes myths, parables, romances, novels, and short stories.
Watson (1979:xi) says, “Novel is
the name of a literary kind, and there is a story to tell about how, over the centuries,
its substanced has widened and its conventions
changed.” Watson (1979:158) says, “Novel is a fictional prose narrative of length, usually with a claim to
describe the real.” Novel may be classified
into two categories : (1) intrinsic elements, (2) extrinsic elements.
Nurgiyantoro (2003:23) says,
“Unsur intrinsik sebuah novel adalah unsur-unsur yang (secara langsung) turut serta membangun
cerita.” It means that the intrinsic elements
in a novel are the elements that directly build the story. The intrinsic elements of a novel are theme,
characterization, plot, point of view, style, and settings. Nurgiyantoro (2003:23) says, “Unsur
ekstrinsik adalah adalah unsurunsur yang berada di luar karya sastra itu, tetapi secara tidak
langsung mempengaruhi bangunan atau
sistem organisme karya sastra.” It means
that the extrinsic elements in a novel
are the elements that indirectly build the story. The extrinsic elements are biography of the
author, psychology (psycohology of the author,
psychology of the readers, and the application of psychological principles in the works), environmental of the author
such as economy, politics, and social, and
so on.
The writer will give “The
Analysis of the Intrinsic Elements in Kathryn Stockett’s Novel The Help”. These are the
theme, the characterization, the plot, the
point of view, the style, and the settings. Yelland (1983:189) says, “The theme
is the central thought in a literary
work.” The characterization is the representation
of a person in a narrative work of art such as a novel, play, or film.
The plot is a literary term
defined as the events that make up the story, particularly as they relate to one another in a pattern, in
a sequence, through cause and effect, or
by coincidence. One is generally interested in how well this pattern of events accomplishes some artistic or emotional
effect. The point of view is a device for in narrator to indicate the position from
which an action is observed and narrated.
An author of a fiction must
choose a point of view from which he will narrate his story. The style is the manner, that is the
codified gestures, in which the author tells
the story. In fiction, setting includes the time, location, and everything in which
a story takes place, and initiates the main backdrop and mood for a story.
The
elements of setting may include culture, historical period, geography, and hour. Along with the theme, the
characterization, the plot, the point of view, and the style, the settings is considered one of
the fundamental components of fiction.
All of them are essentially in a
novel. A novel cannot be writing without the intrinsic elements.
In this paper, the writer chooses
this topic because she is interested in the story of this novel. This novel tells three
women dur ing the formative years of the civil rights movement in Mississippi, where it
was dangerous to push the boundaries of
segregation for both blacks and whites – though for very different reasons. The Help tells a historical story
about women, a story that will make you laugh,
and probably cry, and it will likely leave you a better person for having seen it. In pitch-perfect kiss, Kathryn
Stockett creates three extraordinary women whose determination to start a movement of
their own forever changes a town, and
the way women-mothers, daughters, caregivers, friends-view one another. A deeply moving novel filled with poignancy,
humor, and hope. The Help is a timeless
and universal story about the lines we abide by, and the ones we don’t.
1.2 The Problem The problem is to find out the intrinsic
elements in Kathryn Stockett’s Novel The
Help.
1.3 Scope of the Study This study is focused on
the analysis of the intrinsic elements : the theme, the characterization, the plot, the point of
view, the style, and the settings.
1.4 Reason for Choosing the Topics The
writer chooses this topic because she is interested in the story of this novel which tells three women dur ing the
formative years of the civil rights movement
in Mississippi, where it was dangerous to push the boundaries of segregation for both blacks and whites –
though for very different reasons.
1.5 Purpose of the Study • To share the information about the intrinsic
elements in a novel : the theme, the
characterization, the plot, the point of view, the style, and the settings.
•
To give some contribution to the study of literature for readers through
this paper.
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