CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of Analysis
Every countries has their own language to communicate.
By using language, they can communicate
between one another. It means that language is a mean of communication.
Bennet (1968: 4) says that
language is the most distinctive of human activities. It is difficult to disentangel the components because they
spill over into human personality itself.
As a starting-point, language may be thought of in
broad terms as having many of the characteristics of a code. As such as it
depends on the tacit agreement between speaker (or writer) and listener (or reader) that a set of
signs, more or less systematised, shall have certain references.Knapp and Watkins (2005: 29) say
that language is always produced, exchanged or received as text; that is, language as a sytem
of communication is organised as cohesive units we call texts.
Richards (1985:95) says that
errors can be classified to vocabulary (lexical error), pronunciation (phonological error), grammar
(syntatic error), misunderstanting of a speaker’s intention or meaning (interpretive error),
production of the wrong communicative effect e.g.
through the faulty use of speech
act or one of the rules of speaking (pragmatic error).
Norrish (1983 : 7) explained
errors as follows : “Errors is systematic deviation from the accepted system of the target language.
Mistake is non-systematic deviation from the accepted system of a language being learned
and it is usually due to human limitation such as tiredness, nervousness, and fatigue”. It means
that errors may occur because of the limitation of human being in mastering the target
language.
Errors
may occur in all components of language such as grammar. Knapp and Watkins (2005:33) say that grammar therefore
needs to deal with language from three perspectives:
the generic, the textual, and syntactical.
The students sometimes do not
realize that they make mistake because of the ignorance of the grammar. The students
sometimes face many difficulties in using tenses.
The researcher realized that the
mistakes or errors that students made in using tenses especially in past tenses need to be analyzed
carefully.
Azar (1989: 24) describes that
the simple past tense indicates that an activity or situation began and ended at a particular time
in the past.
Azar (1989: 24) describes that
past continuous tense is both actions occurred at the same time, but one action began earlier and
was in progress when the other action occurred.
Sometimes the past continuous is
used in both parts of a sentence when two actions are in progress simultaneously.
Azar (1989: 39) says that past
perfect tense expresses an activity that was completed before another activity or time in the past.
Tenses are needed in english
texts. Sometimes students still confuse how to use tense in a sentence. As in narrative text, tenses
are very important to describe time in the text.
Because a narration tells a story
or describes a sequence of events. Smalley and Ruetten (1986:24) say that narration usually refers to
telling of a story, the term is used to described the relating of an experience. That experience
may be in the past (past narration), or it may be a typical experience (what people usually do),
or it may be going on now (present narration).
The writer is interested to
choose schools as the location of analysis and research of the students’ error. The research was
conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung Morawa. The reasons to choose this school as location of
the research is terms of accesibility and the same research is never conducted in there.
1.2
Formulation of Problems Analysis The problems of the study which the writer
would like to analyze as follows: 1.
What kinds of errors are made by the twelfth graders of SMA Negeri 1
Tanjung Morawa in using past tenses in
the narrative text? 2. What are the causes of the errors made by the
twelfth graders of SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung Morawa
in using past tenses in the narrative text? 1.3 Scope of Analysis In a research, it is
very important to limit the scope of analysis to get the relevant data.
It will be better by limiting the
analysis into the errors of using tenses. Tenses are one of the important parts of grammar in English. In this
thesis the writer would like to analyze the errors in using past tenses, especially in
simple past tense, past contiuous tense, and past perfect tense in narrative text made by
twelfth graders of SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung
Morawa.
0 komentar:
Posting Komentar