CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
This chapter discusses about the background of
the study, statement of the problems,
objectives of the study, significanceof the study, scope and limitation of the study, and definition of the
key terms.
1.1. Background of the Study Semantics is one of the branches of
linguistics studying about the meaning,
and it is considered as major branch of linguistics devoted to the study of meaning in language (Crystal, 1991:310).
According to what has long been the most
widely accepted theory of semantics, meanings are idea or concept that can be transferred from the mind of the speaker to
the mind of the hearer by embodying
them, as it were, in the form of one language or another.
Understanding meaning, we need to
understand how words are used to convey
meaning. The idea when you read some texts, you can understand that text is term of meaning when you have a generative
modelfor how words are put together to
convey meaning.
The kinds of meaning can be
broken up into seven sub-types: conceptual meaning, thematic meaning, and (connotative,
stylistic, affective, reflection, collocation)
as associative meaning. There are fivetypes of associative meaning which are analyzed in this study; such as
connotation meaning, what is communicated
by feature of what language refers to,stylistic meaning, what is communicated of social circumstances of
language use, affective meaning, what is communicated by feeling and attitude of the
speakers or writers, reflected meaning,
what is communicated of true association with another sense of the same expression, and collocation meaning, what
is communicated through association with
word which tends to occur in the environment of another word (Geoffrey Leech, 2003:38).
In addition, Yule (1983:92) stated that
associative meaning is different from
conceptual meaning. It is the word’s meaning that is still related to other words whereas conceptual meaning covers this
basic,essential components of meaning,
which are conveyed by literal use of wordsor conceptual meaning is the lexical or literal meaning.
The deviation of associative
meaning is the sense associations that are not part of a world’s basic meaning and have
variants of meaning based on individual experience
or the context of sentences, for example, birthdaypresents, party etc (David Crystal, 1987). It means that the
meaning of the word birthdayhas variant
meaning, it can be presentsor partydepends on the individual experience or the context of sentence itself. In other
words, associative meaning is the meaning
of words that has connection to the relationship of word with the condition beyond the language. For example,
the word ‘jasmine’ associated with the
meaning of ‘holy’ or the word ‘red’ associated with the meaning of ‘brave’ the word ‘cendrawasih’associated with the meaning
of ‘beautiful’.
In this research, the researcher
presents the associative meaning in the headlines
of Time magazine. The researcher chooses Time magazine as object of his study that is specified on its headline
section. The researcher chooses this topic because many people like to read news whether
it isfrom magazine or from newspaper.
And when people read news, they cannot separate with the headlines.
Hence, it is very important for
reader to know about meaning and the message appear in its headlines in order to understand
the content of the news.
Time is the foreign magazine with
an average circulation of around 20,000 copies
(www.time.com). That is published in most every country. Besidesthe language used by this magazine is sometimes
need tobe read deeply, the new English
daily is special, not only in its goal, which is to improve the standard language media in Asia, but also in bringing
together for competing media publishers
into producing a quality magazine with an international perspective.
Hence, a fresh and different
outlook was created inthe international press in form of Time magazine.
The reason why the researcher
focuses on its headlines, first, headline is the most important part of magazine and
denotes theessence of the news besides capturing
the reader’s attention in the first time.Second, the size and style of a headline give readers some idea of the
importance of the topic. In addition, it often reflects the policy of the magazine and
it isalmost always based on certain presuppositions.
In short, the headline must conveymaximum of the information and message with a minimum of language symbols
or words. In this Time magazine we could
find many meanings such as associative meaning in its headlines.
For
example, Time, April 4, 2011. What if He Doesn’t Go? The War against Gaddafi.The word Gaddafiis used to
sense of a president of Libya. But it can
be associated as a dictator or a powerful president who lead a country more than 40 years.
Based on the explanation above,
the researcher is eager to analyze the associative
meaning of the headlines of Time magazine. The ultimate objectives of this study are to find out the types of
associative meaning that are used in headlines
of Time magazine and to describe in what way or in what situation the associative meanings are used in the headlines
of Time magazine. In line with this, the
researcher conducts this study entitled “Associative Meaning in the Central Media News” which is written by Lilis
Hidayati (2010), the student of the State
Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. From her investigation, she concluded that: first,
associative meaning consist of five types that occurs in those news of Central Media
News: second, the journalist in this Central
Media News more often use collocative meaning than other meanings which is in the form of phrase. Connotative
meaningand affective meaning are seldom
to be used in this news. What makes my studydifferent from this previous study is that previous study takes an object
in theCentral Media News which is taken
the data from internet; while my study takes an object on Time magazine especially on its headlines which are focused
in the political issue. In addition, this
study focuses on the word and sentence that involved in language expression of the speaker or writer.
In the
holy Qur’an, this study has related to surah(Ali-imron: 7) “He it is who hath revealed unto thee
(Muhammad) the scripture wherein are
clear revelations. They are the substance of the book (Muhkamaat). And others (which are) allegorical
(Mutasyabihaat). Butthose in whose hearts is doubt pursue, forsooth, that which is
allegorical seeking (to cause) dissension
by seeking to explain it. None knoweth its explanation save Allah.
And those who are of sound
instruction say : we believe therein; the whole is from our lord; but only men of
understanding really heed.” According to
this surah, Allah said that He descends the Holy Qur’an with Muhkammatverse and Mutasyabihaatverse.
Muhkamaatverse is the verse whose meaning
is clearly understood by human, whereas Mutasyabihaatverse is the verse whose meaning cannot be understood
except Allah Himself. We could not interpret
texts based only on their basic meaning, because it is related to the individual experience, social phenomenon, and
the context in which they are used.
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