CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Study In the literature
world, text is a kind of creative imagination that contains various thought and ideology. It is one of
characteristic literature as the creation of human being. Therefore, for studying
literature we cannot only use reasonable or logic theory, but we also need to understand
more and more or literature comprehend.
Full comprehend certainly involve feeling and desire in the heart, this term absolutely need high sensitivity.
Therefore, accor ding to Darma (Darma, 2000:339),
the result of literary study commonly categorize into implicit meaning than explicit meaning. It means that literary
study can be explained using flexible, dicey,
and temporary sentences. At least, specification of literary study lay on the creative interpretation. By this way,
expectably the result of study can help develop
of literature itself.
From these statements, we know
that literature has different way of methodology
than other fields. In literary study there many exceptions that aren’t exist in other field of study. It is because
the subject of literary study is literature or imagination result of the author. And the
main purpose of the literary study understands
the hidden meaning within the text.
In
literary study, the researcher needs certain theory to stand on that relevant with the subject. But actually, the
researcher might be ignoring the theory at
all instead find a new theory (Endaswara, 2008:13). Because theory only has role as bridge, we need it to achieve our
purpose and we also can disparage it and using another way. Therefore, using theory or
not we need to analyze the text using
creative analysis that really possible to open and receive the text of literature. Its aim in only one that is
understands th e whole meaning of the text.
Almost literature scholars agree
that literary work is not reality or picture of the reality (Bressler, 1998:10). All
elements related to the literary works are fictional things such as characters, setting
of place and time, a nd plot. Although in the literary work there is fictional setting,
if we want to criticize it deeper, we must
find the implicit value within text. Besides that, text or literary works is
only a fictional thing, we cannot avoid
that literary works is the form of imitation social condition of the writer.
One characteristic of good
literature is the describing of characters that can convey moral meaning because the character in
the work of art means person represented
in a story (Kelly, 1982: 32). Canonized process is one of device to bound good literary work such as Agnes Grey
that was written by Anne Bronte.
From psychological aspect, it
conveys how to make our life wise.
Psychological approach is nearer
to biographical approach than sociological
approach because most of research analyzed by using personal data (Kutha Ratna,
2009: 61-62). Besides that, according to Charles E. Bressler psychological study as one kind of the
literary study which focused on the extrinsic
and intrinsic elements of the work of literature is one model that is often used by people. It based on the assumption
which work of literature is one product of
human’s psychological process. There is closed relation between psychology and literature because both of these two have
the same object, it is human being.
There are many concepts of the
psychology applied in the literary studies because almost all of authors characterize their
novel’s characters properly with the characteristics
of the people in the real world. For example is Agnes Grey that written by Anne Bronte. It is one of Anne
Bronte’s popular literary works that published
in the middle of eighteen century. Anne Bronte is one of Bronte’s sisters. She is an English author in the
Victorian era. Her sister also becomes feminist
author that is Charlotte Bronte. Helena Deutsch, an author of Psychology of Woman stated that woman uniqueness is same
with women’s mysterious personality.
Understanding of woman phenomenon, personality and behavior is kind of resuscitation of woman existence in
the world. They use their uniqueness personality
or character to reveal their existence as human being.
Uniqueness according to W.G.
Allport also called as central traits of someone’s personality. He assumed that
uniqueness getting from their behavior pattern,
attitude, and someone’s sight or view to something. It was stated by expression, communication, and behavioral that
can be observed by another people. This
central traits or uniqueness personality is based on Allport’s experiences when he observed some people.
In
this study, the researcher chooses Agnes Grey novel because of several reasons. First, it is kind of didactic novel
in the English language which has unique
plot and has many moral value that should we understand. Another excuse is that the researcher impressed to the
novel because it conveys many wise meaning. Besides that, the researcher thinks
that it will be interesting to analyze the
woman psychological condition which wants to convey by Anne Bronte in her work Agnes Grey. Because some scholars said
that this Anne Bronte’s novel is like
autobiography and the author’s real experience of life. And she wants to share her opinion about the uniqueness of women
personality and also their way to overcome
many life’s problems.
Besides that, several reasons why
the researcher chooses about women psychology
are because woman is unique. Several characters that make women fail for getting equalization with men, on the
contrary make them stronger than men.
Women use their heart tenderness to face big problem in social life.
Moreover, their warm heart,
passionate and caring to another people and environment shaped women to be special human
being in the world. Agnes shows several
women’s characteristics as the real and perfect women and what their uniqueness as women. She as independent woman
tried to show her real power as woman by
educating children as governess and take life choice as mature girl.
Agnes Grey novel consists of 25
chapters. It is one of several "governess novels" written and published in the
mid-1800s; Agnes Grey falls into the tradition of the female roman, or novel of development,
and thus dramatizes the theme of innocence
and youthfulness passing into experience. Unlike many such works of the same era, however, Agnes Grey is thought
by critics to treat certain subjects absent from, or only vaguely sketched, in the
woman's roman. Some scholars observe
that the novel is consist of many critiques of mid-Victorian social attitudes, especially as they relate to
morality, childrearing, the treatment of women, the surging tide of materialism, and
the hypocritical cult of domesticity.
Agnes's numerous confrontations
with the recalcitrant children she is hired to educate are said to condemn the domestic
deficiencies of the British upper classes—personified
in the idle, cold, materialistic, and largely disinterested parents of the Murray and Bloomfield children.
Commentators have also seen in Agnes
Grey a clever depiction of the feminine struggle to acquire independence and a voice in the affairs of a society that
relegates women to domestic functions.
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