CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
This chapter elaborates the
research context, focuses of the study , objectives of the study, scope and limitation,
significances of the study and operational
definition of key terms.
1.1 Research Context In every single day, we need
communication; language is a main tool
of communication. By using language we
can express our feeling, interact with each other, and show everything. Language is an
essential perfect means of expression and
communication among people.
In expressing something we cannot
speak freely, we have language behavior.
In Islam, it has been stated in The Holy Qur‟an Sura An-
Nisaa‟ verse 5 that in
speaking we have to use a good choice of words by speaking kindly.
“Give not unto the foolish (what is in) your
(keeping of their) wealth, which Allah
hath given you to maintain, but feed and clothe them from it, and speak kindly unto them.” Marmaduke Pikthall, The Noble Quran, English
translated version (4: 5) Allah gives
instruction to speak kindly not only in
this verse but also in Sura An- Nisaa‟ verse 9
that states: Qoulan syadiida which means speak justly .
From both verses, we realize that
Islam also concerns about the use of good language. Speak kindly and speak justly mean that we have to speak
politely, because Islam forbids us to
say harsh and use dirty words. It is supported by hadith from Abu Hurairah in Buchari and
Muslim, Allah‟s messenger (may peace be
upon to Him) says: From Abu Hurairah ra. Our prophet Muhammad said: “People who
believed to Allah SWT and doomsday, they
should honor their guest deeply. People
who believe to Allah SWT and doomsday, they should continue relationship. People who believe to
Allah SWT and doomsday, they should not
talk dirty word. (from Buchari and Muslim) In daily communication, the use of
standard language is mostly replaced by non- standard language. It especially
happens in communication among people with their close relation. The difference
between standard and non- standard language
has nothing in principle to do with differences between formal and colloquial language or with concepts such as
“bad language”.
Standard language is also called by formal language,
whereas informal language is called as nonstandard language. There are
some aspects that affect on language, like the social environment, social structure, and values of
the society. The study that concerns The
variety of a language treated as the official language and used in public
broadcasting, publishing and education.
George Yule, The Study Of Language (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006), 250.
Peter Trudgill, Sociolinguistics an
Introduction to Language and Society (Great Britain: Cox and Wyman Ltd, 1983), 17.
on language and society is sociolinguistics.
Hudson in Handayani states that sociolinguistics is the study of language in
relation to society. It deals with the language
in use and how language users interpret what
is others‟ intention. As stated on
Rahardjo‟s paper that the scopes
of sociolinguistics are; the influence of society and its members on language, then the
function of language in society and the
last is the way language is used by and
in society. Language becomes unpleasant
when language is expressed not as its main function and violates the moral code as the concept of culture.
The two important aspects of
language behaviors based on social point
of view are: first, the function of
language is establishing social relationship, and the second is the role played by language in
conveying information about the speaker.
Having communication with others makes us
understand them and knows what they
want. People have different ways in showing their feelings, for example; when someone get anger with others,
he or she may speaks by using taboo words to insult others, speaks with high
involvement, and uses high intonation.
All languages that are used by
people all over the world must have certain words, utterances, and sentences that are
prohibited to be uttered, because they are improper or related to something that has spir
itual power this is so called taboo language. Taboo is a strong social prohibition
related to any area of human Suprapti
Handayani., “Language Taboo Expressed in American Comedy film Douce Bigalow,” (Unpublished Thesis UIN Malang, Malang, 2007),
3.
Mudjia Rahardjo, “What Do Scientist Study?,”
(Malang: rd Of April 2009, Paper Of Sociolinguistics), 13.
Trudgill, Sociolinguistics an Introduction to
Language and Society, 14.
activity or social custom that is sacred or
forbidden. It means any improper, forbidden and unacceptable words by one
particular society. The word taboo first known in Polynesia in 1777, this word was
borrowed from Tongan, Polynesian language,
in which it refers to acts that are forbidden or to be avoided.
Furthermore, Trudgill states that in the
English speaking world, the most severe
taboos are now associated with sex, closely followed by those connected with excretion and the Christian religion. For
instance, the words fuck, bullshit, and
Goddamn. In other cultures, such as Romantic Catholic considers that the strongest taboos may be associated with
religion, and in Norway some of the most strongly tabooed expressions are concerned
with the devil. Taboo may be involved in
some ways, it is certainly more acceptable in our society for men to swear and use taboo words than it is for
women. Words re lating to sex, sex organ and natural bodily functions make up a large
part of the set of taboo words in many
cultures.
Taboo is one of linguistic phenomena which are
occurred in most languages because every
member of societ y has different way to express their mind in language.
Furthermore, it depends very much on the moral values; norms and cultures that have been grown and
developed in one of languages. Wardhaugh
states that taboo means one way in which
a society expresses its disapproval of Victoria
Fromkin et al, An Introduction to Language (United State: Thomson, 2003), Trudgill, Sociolinguistics an Introduction to
Language and Society, 30.
certain kinds of behavior believed to be
harmful to its member, either for supernatural
reason one such behavior is held to violate a moral code.
Nowadays, taboo words, utterances,
entertainments, movies, pictures are easily
found in our environment. For example, in some private TV stations, particularly in drama films shows to the
audiences which are the characters in
that drama films insult other
characters, use harsh word and often use taboo words in expressing their anger. A lot of people,
particularly teenagers and adults use taboo words which are adopted from western country
without filtering and understanding
about the meaning of those taboo words.
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