CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the
background of the study, problem of the study, objective of the study, scope and limitation,
significance of the study, and definition
of the key terms.
1.1 Background of the Study In our daily communication, whether we are
aware ornot, we always make some
hesitations when we are talking. Hesitation is another term for pausing, generally means period of silences
during speaking almost occur in spoken
language. Speaking as a sentence production is often accompanied by hesitation (Taylor:98). We have no more time
to construct our mind before talking in
spoken language, on the other hand, we have an extra time to write our idea in our mind into written language. Some
individuals spend more time in speaking, but some individuals can write as soon as
possible what are in his mind (Goody in Brown
& Yule, 1983).
Hesitation often happens in
speaking. When people talk, especially when they use a foreign language, hesitation will
be found. Yule (1983:4) has argued that
the speaker not only controls the production of the communication but also proceses the production of speaking, monitors
what the speaker just say and determines
whether it matches his intentions or not. In contrast, the writer may look and also think over what he has already
written, pause between each word 2 with no fear of his interlocutor interrupting.
Due to its spontanety, hesitation often happens
in speaking. When the speaker does not havemuch more time to match the word into the sentences, they often makes
some hesitation to have a good utterance.
Dardjowidjojo (2003) states that the ideal utterance is utterance which goes along smoothly from the beginning until
the end although there is a pause, that
occurs in a constituents. However, we can not always make the ideal utterance like this. Someone may can not speak
equally well in all topics of speaking.
In general, the harder the topic is, the more pauses occur.
Based on the description above, I
consider that hesitation is very important to investigate. To conduct this research,I
choose Pondok Pesantren Mathlabul Ulum
Jambu Lenteng Sumenep Madura as a field of research. Pondok Pesantren Mathlabul Ulum is an Islamic school that
concerns to make English and Arabic languages
as languages that must be used by all of the students. Therefore, the students are trained to use English language
in their daily communication. But, although
they trained in speaking English, there are many hesitations, because English for them is a second language or
foreign language. When they use foreign language,
there will be many hesitation. Carrol (1972:188) says that people have considerable difficulties in learning foreign
language. Moreover, carrol stated it is because
they have to think more about the structureand the pronounciation. In addition, in foreign language learning
process, making hesitation can not be avoided
by learners to acquire the target language,the learners face new rules of target language which are different from their
native language rules. This 3 phenomenon usually can be found clearly when
we listen to the student’s conversations.
This research also have a
linguistics uniqeness, because the conversation in Pondok Pesantren Mathlabul Ulum Jambu
Lenteng Sumenep Madura has a special
time. In other Pondok Pesantren for instance, Pondok Pesantren Al-Amien Prenduan and Pondok Pesantren Annuqoyah
Guluk-Guluk, practicing English for the
students only by speech. Conversation only in the class using a text book with a limited time. But in Pondok Pesantren
Mathlabul Ulum Jambu Lenteng Sumenep
Madura, the conversation held twice in one week, on Wednesdey and Sunday. And the conversation has a special
time, after subuh prayer until six o’clock.
There are previous studies done
in this research. Shofa (2008) has found that hesitation pauses take an important role
in natural conversation, especially in turn
taking in English conversation. Karisman (2008) also did a psycholinguistics research. Based on his analysis, he only found
6 types from 8 types of slips of the tongue,
anticipations and preservations were not found. Wedge (2006) in her thesis showed that; unfilled pauses increase
in length and frequency as the linguistic
difficulty of the task increases, unfilled pauses and filled pauses used immediately before or after an unfilled pause
are indicative of planning in the speech
of native and non-native speakers, and the last, more hesitation time is needed the more difficult a speaking task is.
The researchers above investigate
speech errors andhesitation pauses in psycholinguistics
perspective; here the researcher investigate how hesitation 4 produced
by the students of Pondok Pesantren Mathlabul Ulum Jambu Lenteng Sumenep Madura, by analyzing the utterances in
their conversation.
1.2 Problem of the Study The research is conducted to find the answer
of thefollowing research problem: How are hesitations produced by the students
of Pondok Pesantren Mathlabul Ulum Jambu
Lenteng Sumenep Madura in weekly Englishprogram? 1.3 Objective of the Study Based on the problem above, the objective of
the study is Providing the detail
descriptions about how hesitations are produced by the students of Pondok Pesantren Mathlabul Ulum
Jambu Lenteng Sumenep Madura.
1.4 Significance of the Study The result of the study is expected to give
valuable contribution to the students of
English letters and language Department. Knowing language production, which is focused on the hesitation,
gives them valuable knowledge.
Even though the students do not
speak English fluently and use alot of hesitation in their speaking, but hesitation used
appropiatelywith the context give them advantages.
For instance, the speaker will take therole in conversational interaction and will give a good explanation
to thelistener so that the meaning will
be acceptable. For further research, it can bedeveloped to provide more comprehensive by empirical proofs. As
theoretical contribution, it is supposed that the result of the study contribute more
empirical based information about 5 hesitation. Furthermore, the result of this
study can be as a source of empirical data
of Hesitation, particularly in the applicationof Hesitation theory in the real conversation. Besides, they also can use this
research as an example how hesitation
applied in daily conversation or in daily interaction.
In addition, this study is
expected to be a beneficial contribution for the future researchers who are interested in
investigating similar field. They can use this result as a reference to research on
hesitation. Furthermore, by using this research,
they can make state of the art or academic mapping of researches and state the differences between this research
and their future research.
1.5 Scope and Limitation This research focused on the study of
hesitation used by the female students
in weekly English speaking program by analyzing how hesitation used by the students in their conversations, and in
what context the hesitations appeare.
However, the researcher choosed
female students only because of the limited acces of data collection. As in general, in
Pondok Pesantren between female and male
are separated, here I choose female students because I myself is a female, because of that reason I can make more closely
approach to the students in realitation
my data collection. Furthermore, the way I recruit them as participants began from the headmaster of Pondok Pesantren,
I ask his permittion, after he allow me
to conduct my research in his Pondok Pesantren, then I make a coordination with the English teacher and also
the senior students in English Department
division. Then, I give an explanation about my aim to be there. And I 6 ask
them to perform the conversation as usual, because my duty here is take the data as natural as possible. All of the
students who joined the program are participants,
but only the representated data was Itook. In addition, I observes the student’s conversations for only two weeks.
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