CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1.
Background of the Study Nowadays, there are so many exploitations
can be seen that happen to women.Many
women are dominated by men in the family and society. The women are
also treated as second class because women are weak and helpless.Woman should be a good mother, women only speak
without being heard,become the victims are sexual harassment, violence and even
as slaves.
Based onthe opinion above, we can see that the
exploitation of women occur due to the
physical position of the woman. The exploitation of women has been happened for a long time and still happen
nowadays.The exploitation of women become
more frequent. The example can be seen on the television. Many women are abused by their employers, tortured by her
husband and some even killed.
One of the social problems found in the
literary works is the portayal of woman exploitation.
The exploitation of women is always discussed in social media. It has been the common problem in all society in this
world. Since there is a general opinion
that woman is weak creature, and should obey the man as the superior creature. That is the reason why I focus on
woman exploitation because it is the main topic of my thesis.
Literature is one of literary works in which
generally refer to the work that tells something
in fiction and imaginary. To quote from Wellek (Wellek, 1985:4) Literature as one of the imaginary works,
literature performs various problem of human
and humanity, and the life. They propose their literary work based on the experience and observation on the life of
society; in other words, literature portrays the life. It can be accepted in which it is
commonly known that authors who write the literary work are also part of society and
literature as a social institution, a social creation that represents life.
Literature is very important to read because
we can find so many advantages we get by
reading literature. The advantages are to appreciate individuals, to explore cultures and beliefs, to help us see ourselves
as other do, to learn better ways to behave,
and it is an important part of our education. Like history is one part and math
is one part and literature is one
part(Norman, 1984:12 The language of literature).
Through the literary work, authors show their
comments or opinion about the situation
and condition of the society. The reason is that the literary works are the reflection for the readers too see and analyze
the problem of characters in literary worksin
which the characters potray the life of human; either as individual social with each of the problem.
Many literary authorstake the woman is taken
on exploitation as the theme of their
literary work. It makes woman exploitation an universal theme in literary work.
I choose two novels as the data of this
research, they are: Celia a Slave written by Melton Alonza Mc.Laurin’s (1941-…) and
Midah Simanis Bergigi Emas by Pramoedya
Ananta Toer’s(1925-2006) , an Indonesian writer in which both of them tell about the woman exploitation. Celia a
Slave performs the story about a Negro woman
in USA whose name is Celia. Celia a Slave is an epistolary novel: that is, the book is written in the form of letters. The
main character is Celia, a young woman for
ninenteen years old, a slave on a Missouri farm, five years of being repeatedly
raped by her middle aged owner. The man
always treats and abuses her. In this novel,
Celia has been exploited by her masters who always forced him to serve her master.In
Midah Simanis Bergigi Emas revolves around Djakarta on the '50s, it tells about the life of a sweet girl named Midah.
Midah comes from a family that hold strong
religion. Here Midah has beenexploited by a desire to impose his father.
Hewants her become a brave woman to live.
To compare both novels,the Comparative
Literature theory is applied in the analysis. At the motif in Melton Alonza
Mc.Laurin’sCelia a Slave and Pramoedya Ananta
Toer’sMidah Simanis Bergigi Emas belong to American and Indonesian literature (different language family) that
become the prerequisite for Comparative Literature
study.
Comparative Literature is the academic subject
that concern with comparing the literary
works form different nations. The purpose of Comparative Literature is to identify the literary works based on the
literary elements either in instrinsic elements and extrinsic elements, it does not only
concentrate on the literary elements but also another aspects that deal with the literary
works, they are: history, religion, knowledge,
society, etc.
The Comparative Literature contains themes.
This thesis focuses on the woman exploitation.
The woman exploitation will be divided into somemotives concerns with woman exploitation.
1.2.
Scope of Study The scope of study is the motif of the novel that is
woman exploitation which is reflected in
two novels Melton Alonza Mc.Laurin’s Celia a Slave andPramoedya Ananta Toer’s Midah Simanis Bergigi Emas. I
divide this analysis into four, they are: stupidity,
weakness, forced marriage, economical exploitation and
sexual exploitation. Since the
comparative method is used for the analysis, the analysis focuses on the study of similarities and
differences.
1.3.
Problem of the Study The stereotype of woman in bothnovels are different. There is a view of stereotype that is referred to woman in our
society such as stupid, mean, mushy, etc.
Stereotype of American woman in economical
aspect is woman forced to be a slave found
in novel Celia A Slave while stereotype in Indonesian woman in economical aspect is different because Indonesian woman
lives depend on income from her husbandfound
in the novel Midah Simanis Bergigi Emas. Then, American women in political aspect are ignored in public service but Indonesian
woman in political aspect cannot get legal protection so she gets verbal
harassment. After that, American woman
in ideology becomes hasmarginalized
community whereas Indonesian woman focuses on domestic area
where they cannot work and just raise the
children up. Based on the background and the view, there are problems in both novels, they are: 1. How arestupidity, weakness, force marriage,
economical exploitation and sexual
exploitation addressedin both Melton Alonza Mc.Laurin’s Celia a Slave and
Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Midah Simanis Bergigi Emas? 2. What are the similarities and the differences
of woman exploitation in Melton Alonza
Mc.Laurin’sCelia a Slave andin Pramoedya Ananta Toer’sMidah Simanis Bergigi Emas? 1.4.Objective the Study The
purposes of analyzing woman exploitation in Melton Alonza Mc.Laurin’s Celia a Slave and Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s
Midah Simanis Bergigi Emas, are: 1. To find out howwoman exploitation portrayed
in both Melton Alonza Mc.Laurin’sCelia a
Slave andPramoedya Ananta Toer’sMidah Simanis Bergigi Emas through stupidity, weakness, forced
marriage, economical exploitation and
sexual exploitation.
2. To
find out the similarities and the differences of woman exploitation that is portrayed in Melton Alonza Mc.Laurin’sCelia a
Slave and inPramoedya Ananta Toer’sMidah
Simanis Bergigi Emas.
1.5.
Significance of Analysis This analysis can be a major source and it is
useful for people who want to study
literature in the social life in the community. The analysiswill also enrich
our knowledge and can become a valuable
reference for the readers and the writers herself.
Having read this novel, readers are also
expected can see the woman exploitation
phenomena, either in this novel or in daily life. Hopefully by this thesis readers can realize the woman exploitation
phenomena in society.
Theoretically, this thesis is expected to be
useful for further studying motif of woman
exploitation in literary works.
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