CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
This chapter discusses background of the
study, problem statements, objective of the study, originality and significance
of the study, scope and limitation of the study and the definition of key terms.
1.1 Background of the Study A
language is a dynamic set of visual, auditory, or tactile symbols of communication
and the elements used to manipulate them. Language is considered to be an
exclusively human mode of communication; although animals make use of quite
sophisticated communicative systems, none of these are known to make use of all
the properties that linguists use to define language.
No one speaks the same way all
the time; instead, they speak for a wide variety of purpose. There to express
the idea, human being uses different language, in different styles. One's
feeling and thought will be expressed in accordance with his own way and manner.
Language style is the way people
manipulate others and control people in making interactions, brings the message
that usually conveyed in words and done of voice, whether formally or
informally.
Every people show the different
style, they have certain features that are not owned by others. Wardhaugh
(1986:33) stated that if we want to achieve a comprehensive understanding of
how that language is related to the society that uses it, we must try to
understand how different groups of people use their language. It also stated in
the holy Al Qur'an, as written in Al Hujurah verse 13: mankind: We had created you from one male
(Adam) and one female (Eve) and We made you into nations and tribes so as to
know one another… Therefore, although we live in different country, we should
know and recognize people who live out there. To know and recognize them we
have to know their cultures, history, rules, languages, etc. Although language
is not always related with race but it always true that language is the
important factor or essential characteristic of ethnic membership in many
things. It was a social fact.
We can differentiate and
recognize one's ethnic group from her or his language.
Sumarsono (2002:72) stated that
language often placed as the main identification sign related to someone and
his ethnic or country.
Talking about the difference of
using language, of course it can not be separated with the style chosen by the
language user. Gleason (1965:357) defines style as a system of speech types, in
a specifiable set of social situation. There are so many things influence
language, such as social structure. Trudgill (in Khosyi'ul: 2007:1) states that
language is a social phenomenon. Society can be reflected through language.
There are three factors reflected in language, those are physical environment,
social environment,andsocial values. Physical environmentis a circumstance or a
place in which group live; people who live in a small group have some
differences in speaking from one that live in town and small groups. Social environmentcan
be reflected in a language especially in the field of vocabulary and
pronunciation. Social valuesare a set of norms and tradition owned by a society. The norms and
tradition can be reflected in language because society's norms and tradition
are different from others societies.
Galperin in
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stylistic4) said that Individual style is a
unique combination of language units, expressive means and stylistic devices
peculiar to a given writer, which makes that writer's works or even utterances
easily recognizable. It means that every human being has their own style in
using language. The style can show the writer or the speaker personality, identity
and also their characteristics.
The language style expresses
people feelings and thought through a language, both orally and written form.
To know how the writer or speaker uses his or her language style in conveying
their thinking to the people is very interesting. In writing, the writer puts
the utterance in the form of written language. While in speaking, the speaker
delivers his message in order to be heard and known what the speaker wants
directly.
The writer is interested to
investigate the language style in the script of Titanic film. Film is a term
that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form,
and the motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording images from
the world with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or
special effects (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film).
Further, films are cultural
artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in
turn, affect them. Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of
popular entertainment and a powerful method for educating - or indoctrinating -
citizens. The visual elements of cinema give motion pictures a universal power
of communication. Some films have become
popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that
translate the dialogue.
Titanic is the biggest film in
history - simultaneously the most expensive and the most successful movie ever
made, costing $200 million and grossing over $3.7 billion worldwide as of
January 1999. The record setting movie "Titanic" is based on the true
story of the Titanic and includes the love interest of the main actors, played
by Leonardo DiCaprio and Kate Winslet. The romantic story is not original, but
this is not a bad thing. The director, Cameron re-invents the story to fit the
time period and its characters. As everyone knows the true history of Titanic,
it struck an iceberg in the early morning hours of April 15, 1912. It sank to
the bottom of the North Atlantic, killing 1500 of the 2200 passengers on board.
(http://www.mediacircus.net/titanic.html)
The tragedy of the Titanic has fascinated every generation in the past eighty-six
years, with several films and documentaries on the disaster, including 1929's
"Atlantic", the 1940 German propaganda film "Titanic", the
first Hollywood production "Titanic" in 1953, "A Night to
Remember" from 1958, the made-for-TV "S.O.S Titanic" from 1979,
and the forgettable "Raise the Titanic!" from 1980. 1997 had French audiences
exposed to yet another film about the Titanic ("The Chambermaid and the
Titanic"). Then, James Cameron (the director of the Titanic 1997) brings
the fatal voyage of the 'unsinkable ship' to a new generation, a grand epic
that is careful in detail, yet spectacular in scope. That James Cameron's epic
may well become the most successful movie of all time. So many people
responding to this film about a nautical disaster many years ago, it may be that both the event and its retelling
on the big screen have lessons for all of us.
(http://www.mediacircus.net/titanic.html) Moreover, Titanic is not just the
tale of remarkable love story about Jack and Rose. It is a story of humanity
presuming to tame the forces of nature. Titanic itself such a successful movie
has emerged vocal critics in addition to its legions of fans. Titanic wins a
record tying 11 Oscars out of the record setting 14 Oscar nominations, such as:
Art direction - Cinematography - Costume design -Directing - Film editing -
Original dramatic score - Original song - Best picture -Sound - Sound effects
editing - Visual effects.
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