CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
This section includes background
of the study, research problems, objectives of the study, significance of the
study, scope and limitation of the study, and definition of key terms. Each of
the items is discussed clearly as follows: 1.1 Background of the Study Language
is the most important means of communication of human beings. By language,
people are able to communicate and to cooperate with others. People use
language as the medium of expressing feeling, ideas, and thoughts. Language can
be presented in spoken and written form. Therefore, people should master language
in order to avoid misunderstanding between the speaker and the listener or
between the writer and the readers.
Syntax is a branch of linguistics
that studies the internal structure of sentences and the interrelationships
among the internal parts (STIBA, 1994).
Bornstein (1977:48) states that a
sentence is the basic unit of syntactic analysis.
Bornstein (1977:246) also states
that Syntax is the study of the processes by which words and grammatical
categories combine to form phrases, clauses, and sentences in a language.
There are some popular theories
of syntactic analysis; theory of Chinese boxes and theory of tree diagrams.
Theory of Chinese boxes is proposed by Nelson
Francis in his popular book entitled “The Structure of American English,” while
theory of tree diagrams is proposed by Diane Bornstein in her popular book entitled
“An Introduction to Transformational Grammar.” On May th , 2006 the students of syntax class of
English Letters and Language Department of UIN Malang were able to analyze an
English complex sentence consisting of 377 words using theory of Chinese boxes.
It was analyzed in material along 250 meters. Thing that made it wonderful is
that this syntactic analysis was checked by the experts of Syntax; Drs. Nur
Salam, M.Pd. (lecturer of Brawijaya University) and A. Efendi Kadarisman (lecturer of The State University
of Malang). In the end UIN Malang got the record of MURI (GEMA, 2006). It makes
the writer interested in analyzing sentences syntactically. Here, the writer
analyzes sentences using another popular theory; theory of tree diagrams.
It is easier to see the parts
(phrases) and subparts (parts of speech) of the sentence in a tree diagram.
Finch (1998:107) states that the advantage of tree diagrams is that they enable
us to see at a glance the hierarchical structure of sentences.
As a student of UIN Malang, the
writer is interested in analyzing the central religious text of Islam, holy
Qur’an as her object. It is also necessary for us as Moslem to learn the
language of holy Qur’an. It is not only unique in the way in which it presents
its subject matter, but it is also unique in that it is a miracle in itself, in
the sense that it could not be the work of humans. Therefore, she would like to
analyze the holy Qur’an using theory of tree Diagrams.
The Qur' an consists of 114 suras of different lengths, with a total of verses (Arabic: ayat literary meaning “sign”)
(6348 ayat counting all the basmalas). Surah Yasin is the thirty-sixth surah of
the Qur' an. It consists of verses.
Moreover, it belongs to makkiyah surah. Surah Yasin is the most famous surah
within the Quran after surah al Fatihah. It is considered as the hearth of Qur’an
(Shihab, 2002:501 and Dasteghib, 2005:9). It contains a number of key themes
that are covered throughout the Quran, such as the message of Islam to mankind,
the relation of past nations with their respective Prophets, life after death
i.e. resurrection, Jannah (Paradise), Jahannum (Hell), and the accountability of
mankind on the Day of Judgement. The surah provides a proportionate representation
of the fundamental beliefs and practices of Islam.
This surah also has some
uniqueness. Most of the verses of this surah have the form of sentences. The
verses contain all kinds of sentences; simple sentence, compound sentence,
complex sentence, and compound complex sentence. Positive sentences of this
surah mostly consist of complex sentences. Besides, most of negative sentences
of this surah consist of compound sentences; sentences that consists of two
main clause joined by coordinate conjunction. These sentences of this surah
mosltly use coordinate conjunction “nor”. In addition, interrogative sentences
of this surah have the form of yes/no questions and wh-questions. So, this
surah has complete analysis of all kinds of sentences.
The Qur' an has been translated
into many languages, including English.
There are numerous English
translations of Qur’an by muslims such as Marmaduke William Pickthall’s
translation, Muhammad Abduh Ali, T. B. Irving, etc. In this study, the writer uses Irving’s
translation because Irving is best known for his translation of the Qur’an
entitled “The Quran: First American Version”.
The work is an attempt to make
the English translation of the Qur’an more readable to an audience not used to
the old style of English common in most translations. His translation of the
Qur’an uses modern English. It makes us easy to understand the translation.
Nasir (2006) states that Irving’s
translation was duly recognized by several Islamic scholars including the late
Dr.Ismail al Faruqi who wrote regarding Dr. Irving’s translation: “It makes
refreshing reading even after all the other translations have been read.” Actually,
the previous researchers have already conducted the study in the same field,
such as Atik Herawati (2003), who conducts her study on Analyzing The Translation
of Some Makkiyah Surahs of the Holy Qur’an by Marmaduke Pickthall by Using
Diane Bornstein’s Tree Diagram Theory and Agustin Asti Supardhy (2005) who
investigates a thesis under title A syntactical Analysis on The Corrs’ song
Lyrics in Their Album Entitled ‘The Best of The Corrs’ and Its Teaching
Application.
Based on the explanation above,
the writer is interested in investigating a thesis under the title “A Syntactic
Analysis on the English Translation of Surah Yasin Using Theory of Tree
Diagrams”.
1.2 Research Problems Based on the background
of the study above, the writer would like to analyze the following problems: 1. What
syntactic patterns of positive sentences are used in the English translation of
surah Yasin using theory of tree diagrams proposed by Diane Bornstein? 2. What
syntactic patterns of
negative sentences are
used in the
English translation of surah
Yasin using theory
of tree diagrams
proposed by Diane Bornstein? 3. What
syntactic patterns of
interrogative sentences are
used in the
English translation of surah
Yasin using theory
of tree diagrams
proposed by Diane Bornstein? 1.3 Objectives of the Study Concerning
with the problems mentioned above, the objectives of this study are to
describe: 1. the syntactic patterns of
positive sentences used in the English translation of surah Yasin using theory
of tree diagrams proposed by Diane Bornstein.
2. the syntactic patterns of negative sentences
used in the English translation of surah Yasin using theory of tree diagrams
proposed by Diane Bornstein.
3. the syntactic patterns of interrogative
sentences used in the English translation of surah Yasin using theory of tree
diagrams proposed by Diane Bornstein.
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