CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
This chapter covers the background of the
study, the statement of the problems,
the objective of the study and the significant of the study. To avoid the discussion becomes too abroad, this chapter
also consists of scope and limitation of
the study. The definition of key terms is used as well.
1.1. Background of the Study Onomatopoeia is one of the speculations
concerning the origin of language which
is related to the natural sounds source. It is formation of words in imitation of the sounds associated with the thing
concerned. Although it is proposed as the language for primitive man but it develops
over thousands of years. Bredin in Dofs
(2008:1) explains that many words in ordinary language began as imitations or mimicking and were later conventionalized.
Sometime humans have to master the art
of communication by using ‘sound words’ because it is difficult to mention the sound of the things. Many children and
adults probably never knew that there is
a name for the sounds they hear. Therefore, it is essential to explore the interesting details of ‘sound words’ which is
called onomatopoeia.
Onomatopoeia is mentioned as the
effect achieved bygrouping words chosen
in imitation of a sound described. Onomatopoeia is pronounced ‘anə-mætə-pi:ə’(Webster’s
dictionary: 2004). Onomatopoeic words are usually in the short form and written based on the sounds
they represent such as ‘splash’, ‘buzz’, ‘croak’, ‘cuckoo’ and ‘bang-bang’.
Onomatopoeia is one of common sound devices
writers use (Aronowitz: 2002). Onomatopoeicwords are used in slang expression as well, which refer to a simple
and ungrammatical language (Sholikha:
2007). Furthermore, they are suggested as the basic of language or at least the core of the basis vocabulary.
According to this view ‘bow-wow’ which is the imitation of a dog’s bark changes its form
and the meaning broadens, then finally
it become the representative for dog (Fromklin & Rodman, 1999:23).
Another example is the sound
emitted by a gun like ‘bang’could be designated by the word ‘bang-bang’ Onomatopoeic words exist in every language
because every Nation has its own
onomatopoeia, such as Indonesian onomatopoeia, German onomatopoeia, French onomatopoeia, Japanese onomatopoeia,
Englishonomatopoeia and others.
They are different in each, such
as the onomatopoeic word of dog’s bark which is constructed by the word ‘bow-bow’in English,
‘wau-wau’in German, ‘ouaf-ouaf’ in French, ‘wan-wan’in Japanese, or ‘guk guk’in
Indonesian.
Al-Qur’an also shows some verses
which contain the example of onomatopoeia,
naming something based on its naturalsounds, such as “We sent a howling gale
against them during some disastrous days, so We might
let them taste
the torment of
humiliation during worldly
life. Yet torment in the Hereafter will be even more
humiliating, and they will never be
supported” (Q.S. Al-Fushilat: 16).
The underlined
word is one
example of onomatopoeic
word in Arabic
which means howl
and it is
spelled based on
its sound origin.
Furthermore, there is another
example of onomatopoeia which is taken fromHadith, that is: ْ
-Narrated by Aisha, the Prophet said: the one who skillfully recites the Qur’an, so later will gather with glorious and
obedient angels. Meanwhile the one who
is stutter in reciting Qur’an, for him two rewards (narrator’s agreement).
There is connection between the
word ُ,ِ'َ5ْ6َ5َ5َ!
and the result of a stutter man speaks which
it indicates the difficulty of producing speech. Therefore, it considered as one of the example of onomatopoeic word. Both
examples are the evidence that onomatopoeia
becomes crucial parts of language the writer use.
Studying linguistics by using
comic strips is something fascinating. The language style used in comic is different from
the language styles used in novel, poetry,
prose even other text. The language style of comic seems simpler because it is represented by the drawing. The reason
for the researcher using comic as the object
of this research is that comic contains manykinds of onomatopoeic words, such as wink, yank, clap-clap, andrumble in
chapter “Sokka the Avatar”. Many people
like reading comic books, not only adults but also teenagers and children.
They actually often find some
onomatopoeic words when they read a comic strip, but they do not consider and do not know
further about the term of onomatopoeic words
and its relation to the linguistic field.
Studying linguistics by using
comic has already conducted by Asrofatul Ifafa (2007) on her thesis entitled “Patterns
of Word-Formations in Comic Series Issued
in the Jakarta Post”. She found special type of formation that is unidentifiedwhich makes the characteristics of
comics become more interesting. I Dewa
Putu Wijana also used comics to study linguistics on her book under title “Kartun. Studi Tentang Permainan Bahasa”. She
used pragmatics approach and suggested
that comics become good media to convey our message. Both of them have already studied the branch of
linguistics, a morphological study and pragmatics
study, by using comics as the object. Toexpand further study on linguistics, the researcher also uses comics
and tries to find out onomatopoeic words
and their meaning which are often deviated from the dictionary.
Avataris one of famous comic
series people much interested in at that time. It is produced periodically by
Nickelodeon, United States of America. In Asian country, especially Indonesia, Avatar is
well known as ‘The Legend of Aang’.The
original comic books have been translated in many languages, included in Indonesian language. Avataris
created by Michael Dante Dimartino and
Bryan Konietzko. The story makers of Avatarcomics are Josh Hamilton, Tim Hedrick and Aaron Ehasz.
Avatar takes place in a fantasy
world which is much influenced by Asian culture.
Human civilization is divided into four Nations, the Water Tribes, the Earth Kingdom, the Air Nomads, and the Fire
Nation.Every Nation has an order of men
or women called “benders” who have ability to manipulate their native element. In each generation there must be the
Avatar,one person master four elements
in order. This story tells about the adventure of Aangas the last air bender together with his friends to restore
the harmony and peace to the four Nations.
Aangand his friends have to defeat the fire lord Ozai and his colonies to save the world.
Study of onomatopoeia had been
conducted by Gnanasundaram (2008) on his
monograph entitled “Onomatopoeia in Tamil”. His study is the collection of the onomatopoeic words in Tamil. He classified
themon the basis of their formal and
semantic function. His monograph shows that in Tamil, 0.5% words are Onomatopoeia.
yle=| � - p �^ s'>of
discourse in the (re)production and challenge ofdominance, Teun A. van Dijk (1993: 249-250) offers a critical approach in
discourse analysis—well-known as Critical
Discourse Analysis (abridged CDA)—to critically analyze the discourse practice where unequal power relations are
(re)produced and naturalized. More specifically,
CDA analyzes the discursive formationwhich is generated from other properties of text, talk, verbal
interaction or communicative events that plays a role in these modes of reproduction,
where the role of discourse which is shaped
and (re)produced in social power by elites, institutions or groups, that results in social inequality, including
political, cultural, class, ethnic, racial and gender inequality.
-space� ) y s �^ an>fought
between the Democratic
Republic of Vietnam
(North Vietnam) and the
United States-supported Republic
of Vietnam (South
Vietnam). The war ended
with American withdrawal,
the defeat of
the South Vietnamese
forces, and unification of
Vietnam under the
communist government of
the North (http/www.wikipediaVietnamWar.com).In this
study, the researcher
is interested in
analyzing Robert Bly’s
four poems because of
several reasons. The
first, Robert Bly’s
poems have good dictions
that can make
the readers more
interested in reading
and analyzing his poems
such as the
using of the
word “crystal, particles”
in “Driving through Minnesota during
the Hanoi Bombing”.
The second, those
poems have many [1]
idiomatic words
that have a deep meaning
and make the
poems more beautiful such as
“’ black dog’,
‘dark fir’,” in
“Melancholia” and “’black
starfighters’, ‘great pain’” in
“Driving Through Minnesota
during the Hanoi
Bombing“. The third, the meaning of those poems can make a great
changing in this world for the people
who know its meaning. And the last reason is that Robert Bly’s poems are talking about the
sufferng at Veetnam at that time.There are
some objectives wants
to be reached
by the researcher
in conducting this research.
In this study,
the writer wants
to expose the
suffering of the victims of
Vietnam War and something related to the Vietnam War such as the actors of
this war and
the general truth
about this war
based on Robert
Bly’s four poems. The
writer wants to
know deeply about
Vietnam War based
on those poems.
This is
the fact that
every war has
an impact, both
bad and good
impact.
But in
this study, the
writer only wants
to analyze bad
impacts caused Vietnam War especially the suffering of the
victims of this war in their real condition based on Robert
Bly’s four poems.
Robert Bly’s four
poems that will
be analyzed are the
poems which have
title “Counting Small-Boned
Bodies”, “Driving through Minnesota during
the Hanoi Bombing”,
“Waking from Sleep”,
and “Melancholia”.
The researcher uses genetic
structuralism approach in order to make easier in analyzing those poems and
make easier in answering several problems
that will be conducted. The
reason of using
this literary theory
is because genetic structuralism sees
the literary work
from two points
of views: Intrinsic
and [1] Extrinsic. In
this research, the
study begins from
intrinsic element studies
as the base data.
Then, the research
will connect the
content of external
to the real societies. Genetic
structuralism looks the
literary as a period reflection
that gives expression to
the social aspect,
culture, politic, economic,
and so on.
The important events from
that period will
be connected directly
to the intrinsic elements of the literary work. In this
study, the writer,
uses two kind
of previous study,
those are; “The Study of the Intrinsic Aspect of Robert
Bly’s selected poems” that written by
Indah Nurmala. She focused
on the intrinsic
aspect of the
poem. The second
is the study written
by Agus Suprianto
“The psychology of
Robert Bly when
the occurring of Vietnam
War“ about Robert
Bly’s Counting Small
– Boned Bodies that focused on the psychology
condition of the poet when he wrote the poem.
Indah Nurmala
concluded that Vietnam
War should not
be occurred because it
has several bad
impacts. Those are
the suffering, the
much of victims, the
sadness, etc. While
Agus Suprianto concluded
that Robert Bly
was very sad looking
the Vietnam War.
Robert Bly confuses why
the war should
be happened although the bad
impact is more than a good.
After knowing
the explanation the
previous study above,
this study is different
from them. Here,
the writer focuses
on the suffering
of the victims
of Vietnam War in the
real society of Vietnam
during the war. This study
tells about the real condition
of the victims
of Vietnam War
during the war
that reflected on Robert Bly’s four poems.
[1] 1.2 Statements
of the problems The fact that
the study uses
genetic structuralism approach
that sees the literary
work from two
points of views:
intrinsic and extrinsic,
the researcher wants to conduct
the question as a problem as follows: 1.
how are the
sufferings of the
victims of Vietnam
War portrayed in Robert Bly’s poems? 2. what
are the effects of Vietnam War in Robert Bly’s poems? 3. how do the poems relate to the real society? 1.3
Objectives of the Study In relation to
previous statements of
the problems, the
objectives of this study are formulated as follows: 1. to
describe the suffering
of the victims
of Vietnam War
that portrayed in Robert Bly’s four poems.
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