CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
Thischapterpresents of background of
thestudy,problemstatement, objectiveof thestudy,significanceof
theresearch,scopeand limitation, theoreticalframework,and definitionof
thekeyterms.
1.1 Background of the study Allahhas
said in holyQur'an: O mankind!
Wehavecreatedyou from a maleand a female,and madeyou intonations and
tribes,that you may knowone another. Verily,themost honourableof you
withAllâhis that (believer)who has At-Taqwa [i.e. one ofthe Muttaqûn(pious- see
V.2:2)].Verily,Allâhis All-Knowing,All-Aware (AlHujurat:13).
AllahSWT has createdus to know
one other.To know them,we must know theirlanguageand theirvariationof
language.In this word, thereare so manylanguageand variationsof
language.Languageis a deviceuse bypeopleto communicateand interacteeachother.
Variationsof languageis anybodyof humanspeech patternswhich is
sufficientlyhomogeneoustobe analyzedby availabletechniqueof
synchronicdescriptionwhichhas sufficientlylarge repertoryof elementsand theirarrangementor
processes with broadenough semanticscope to functionin allnormalcontextsof
communication(Wardaugh, 1986:22).Varietyof
languagecan be seen from:“place, time,speaker,a situation, dialect,status,
andits use”.
Dialectis languagevariationincommunityinwhichdifferencesdepend
on thelanguagespeaker. Eachlanguagehas variations.No humanlanguageis fixedor
unvarying.Alllanguageshow internalvariations.Actualusagevaries fromgroup to
group, speaker tospeaker,in termof thepronunciationof language or itsdistinctiveforms.In
thiscase VictoriaFromkimand RobertRodmanstates: "Besidethe
individuallinguisticdifference,the languageused bygroups of speakers mayshow
systematicdifferences,whichare calleddialect"(1978:282).
Ferguson and Gumperzin
Allen(1993:95) in Pateda(1990:54) describe dialectas follows: "Adialectis
any set of oneor more varietiesof a language whichshare atleast onefeature or
combinationof featuressettingthem apart from other varietiesofthe language,and
which may appropriatelybe treatedas unitor linguisticon non
linguisticgrounds" (1971:125).
In relationwith characteristicsof
dialectAyatrohaediin Pateda(1990:53) explains: • A dialectis set of differenta
localutterancethathas certaincharacteristics andtheyaremoresimilartothe
correspondingfromthatto theutterances of thesamelanguage.
• A dialectmustnot takeallfromof
utterances.
Based on thisdefinition,itcanbe
concludedthatdialectalwayshas one or morefeaturethatare notshowed
byotherlanguagevarieties.Thosefeatures make itdifferentfromother.A
dialectmaydifferthe users fromother.
Jamaicandialectis asubordinatevarietyof
languages thatis onlyusedin JamaicaStandard Englishwhich is usuallyusedin
print,and which is normally taughtinschools andto non-nativespeakers learningthelanguagesor
is normally spoken byeducatedpeople andusedin news broadcastsand othersimilar situations.Thedialect,whichis
spokenbyJamaican,is so interwovenwith history,politic,and religion.The
Jamaicandialecthas rhythmand sweet sound to theear. Jamaicanhas theirown
language,adialectof Englishwith African influences.ManyJamaicanwords passed
fromcommonusage inmain-stream Englishover a hundredyearsago. Becauseof the
Africanoriginof most Jamaican,there is awidespread avoidanceof contractionlike
th. Th atthe beginningof a word is, therefore,substitutedwith a d. thus the
becomesde,them becomesdem, that becomesdat.Th at theend of a word is
simplyreducedtot, so teethbecomes teet. Stress is placeddifferentlythan in
main-streamEnglishso mattersbecomes“mat-rass”. Thepronoun, him,is
asubstitutefor mostother pronouns regardless of genderor case. Pluralsare
oftenexpressed byadding “dem”(them)tothe singularform,so two or
morecarsbecome“de cardem” whichmeans“the car”.In recentyears,Rastafarianinfluencehas
added theuseof “I” (and theplural“I and I”) toemphasizetheimportanceof
theindividual.
Words of Africanorigin alsopepper
thelanguage(LoenardE. Barret,1995:136).
Then,thereis the accentand
rhythmof language,probablya mixtureof Africanformsand patternsof speech used
inthe seventeenthandeighteenth centuriesinBritish seaports.Somehear echoesof
welsh. Others are too busy tryingto figureout how the languagecould possiblybe
relatedto anyformof English.A formof Jamaicandialectis also spoken inBelize.
Music or melodyis arrangementsof tone(sound
with regularvibrant)that is audibleconsecutivelyand rhythmin expressingin
idea.Lyricof song contain phrases, clausesand sentences.
Song is a short poemor numberof
verses setto musicandintendedto be sung, which shows theirsoul experiencejust
likethewriterfeelstoo. Lyricof song explainlanguagesthatare used
bythewritertoexpress his/her felling,tough anddesires.The formof explanationof
languageI song lyricsis compositionof word. Words in a song arechosen and
arrangedbythe writerin astyle,which is suitablewiththe feeling,thought and
his/her,abilityto createsong lyric.
Bythelate1960s, the
Jamaicanmusicalformhad emerged-Reggae,the mostfamousmusicalstylethatdevelopedon
the Bob Marleyand his Wailers.The waileris leadbyBob Marley,BunnyLivingston,PeterTosh,
and LeePerry.Bob Marleycreated“Ska”beat (onekind of musicarrangements),and
calledthe result “red boymusic”.
Bob Marleysongs is
suitableexampleof jamaicanpronunciation concerningtothe
StandardEnglishpronunciation.Whenwe listentothe song, we willgetthe lyricbased
on conditionof his country,nature,socialclass, politic, andculturethatit
stillconfront.All his songs createto show the Jamaicanpeople aretiredabout
sociallifeand greedypoliticalin his country.
Latterwith developmentof Bob
MarleyandWailersit’s “reggae”.
Therefore,thewriteris
interestedin analyzingJamaicandialectand comprising JamaicandialectwithStandard
English.Reggaespans theglobe andhas influencedthe musicof
internationallyfamousperformersinthe UK and the USA.
Based on therealconditionabove,the
researcherinterestedin conducting theresearchon the title: "an analysison
Jamaican Dialectused on Bob Marley songs"its comparewithStandard English.
1.2 ProblemStatement Based on
thebackgroundof studyabove, theproblemstatementsshown in thisresearch
areformulatedas follows: 1. Whatarethe similaritiesanddifferencesof Bob
Marleypronunciation comparedwithStandard English? 2. Whatarethe
visibledifferenceson thepronunciationsused fromStandard Englishpronunciation? 1.3
Objectiveofthe Study In orderto maintainthe research,thepurpose of thestudyis
to describe thesimilaritiesand differencesof Bob
Marleypronunciationcomparedwith StandardEnglishand also to
describethevisibledifferenceson the pronunciations used fromthe StandardEnglish
pronunciation.
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