CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
This chapter provides a discussion of the
background of the study, statement of
the problem, objective of the problem, scope andlimitation, and significance of
the study.
1.1 Background of the Study We are as human being, in our daily life we
like tosee, tell and hear things occurring
around us. Reading the newspaper or literary works, listening to the radio, watching television or seeing the movies are
some examples of increasing experience.
Some of us like reading a
literary work because it represents the real life it can also be the reflection of the writer’s life, he or she
doesnot only tell his or her work, but also experiences in his or her work, but also
expresses his or her ideas, thought, and will.
Literary work
can be divided
into fiction and
non-fiction, fiction is
divided into three, those are
prose, poetry, and drama, on the other
hand, non-fiction is the literary works
which are composed, based on the real phenomena such as biography, autobiography, memoir, letter, and history.
The characters
are created by the author
through his or
her words. In accordance with
Croft and Cross-say
that in portraying
Non-fiction prose around them,
include exploring different
types of non-fiction
prose text, to
consider the variety
of aims and
purposes of prose
writers, to write
about prose texts
for 2 coursework, and to prepare for unseen
practical criticism of prose texts. These forms of
writing provide fascinating
insights into the
lives of people,
past and present.
Biographies document or celebrate
the lives of famous or infamous-people (Croft and Cross, 1997: 117-120).
Non-fiction covers literary works
that are based onfact or reality that really happens in human life. The genres of
non-fiction are an essay, a critic, a biography, an
autobiography, a history,
a memoir, a
daily record and
a letter includes
literary works in which
information to the reader but provide a new sense about reality when the
psychological approach is
used in analyzing
a literary work.
As we know
that literature is
different from psychology,
because literature is
related to the
literary works like
poetry, drama and
prose that are
classified into art
while psychology is related to
the scientific study
of the behavior
of human being.
The thesis uses “psychological literary
approach” . According
to Crow and
Alice (193:3) that
the term “psychology” is divided
from two Greek words: psyche, which mean
soul, and ology, which men study of. If
the soul is interpreted as self, then psychology connotes the
study of the
self. The self
is a dynamic
(active) organism or
living being that constantly affects
and is being
affected by other
selves. Therefore, the
term, psychology can
be defined better
as the scientific
study of human
behavior and of human relations.
It is also
in accordance with
what Davis and Paladino
say about psychology in Siswantoro’s book that
“psychology” is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes (Siswantoro, 2005:26).
3 Psychology
has been a
greet concern of
many literary critics
since the twentieth century. Since then, literary
criticism has expanded its wing to at least five types of approaches that are moral, formal
(previously existing types), psychological, sociological,
and also mythical
and archetypal approaches
(Wellek and Warren, 1993:59). This particular of approach,
psychological one, has become the center of interest since people has been more familiar
with Freudian theory of the unconscious in which
Freud has given
a little touch
to literature. As
explained by Endraswara (2003:101)
that Freud has
argued that while
composing the work
of literature, an artist is
at the state
of unconsciousness. Thus,
it deals with the
psychology of the creative
process.
Psychological study
on literature may
take the form of the
psychological study on
the writer as
an individual, psychological study of
the creative process, psychological
study of the
work, or psychological
study of the
reader (Wellek and Warren,
1993:90). In this particular study, the researcher deals with the third type
that is
psychological of the
work. The object
of analysis is
the work. Specifically,
the psychological state of the
main character of the given autobiography.
As already known, characters are
mostly human beings more or less similar with ours. Furthermore, life likeness is also
a greet consideration in characterization.
Lifelikeness has been the aim of
every author to please the reader. To be extreme, Aristotle (in Grace, 1965:6) in his poetics
states that literature is heightened or selective
imitation of life or experiences. Thus, characters should be created nearly similar to human beings. From such criteria f
characterization, it can be derived that 4 those
actions and even feelings of the characters are lifelike. Lifelikeness has
become an assumption; in consequence,
psychological theorycan be applied to analyze the psychological states of characters in
autobiography.
Prose is a literary genre, which
uses more denotative language rather than connotative one. H.B. Jassin says that prose
is pronouncing with mind which different
from poem which is pronouncing with feeling. An autobiography, from the Greek auton meaning life and grapheinmeaning
write, is a biography written by the subject
or composed conjointly with a collaborativewriter (styled as told to or with)..
(Robert.2009. Autobiography)
http://www.answer.com/topic/autobiographi.
Jakob and Saini (1991: 23) state
that an autobiography is a biography written by a figure about him, or written by other
authors with permission of the figure.
People can write a life story of
a public figure tobe an autobiography if the public figure permits the author.
Abrams in A Glossary of Literary
Terms(1975: 15) states that an autobiography
is a biography written by subject about himself. It is to be distinguished from the memoir in which the
emphasisis not on the author’s self development,
but on the people the writer has knownand the events he or she has witnessed and from the private diary or
journal, which is day-to-day record of the events in a person’s life written for his or
her own use and pleasure, with little or no thought of publication.
The researcher is interested in
analyzing one of autobiography .i.e. Ned by Norah Vincent’s autobiography: Norah Vincent
is a freelance journalist. In 2003 she 5
took a leave from writing her nationally
syndicatedpolitical opinion columns in order to write herNew York Timesbestselling book
Self-Made Man, the story of a woman living,
working and dating in drag as a man. While in syndicated, Vincent was a weekly columnist for the Los Angeles
Timesop-ed page and wrote a quarterly politics and culture column for the national gay and
lesbiannewsmagazine The Advocate.
Vincent wrote the Higher Ed
column for The Village Voicefrom 1999-2001, and wrote a biweekly column for Salon.com in 2001.
Her essays, columns and reviews have
also appeared in The New Republic, The New York Times, The New York Post, The Washington Postand many more regional
newspapers around the country.
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