CHAPTER INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the Study According Julien Bonn (2012;93) Literature
includes poetry, drama, fiction and many
kinds of non
fiction writing, as
well as oral,
dramatic and broadcast compositions,
not necessarily preserved
in a written
format such as
films and television programs.
The fiction works discussed in
this thesis is a Novel. According to Julien Bonn (2010;112) Novel is a long fictional narrative
written in prose, which developed from the
novella and other early forms of narrative. A
Novel is ally organized under a plot or theme with a focus on the character
development and action. Actions and the characters
in the novel made by the writer themelves. So an action and the events of the
novel can be
a real story
in everyday life
can be ambitions,
sadness, joy, happiness, sense, logic, and many others are
based on the fact of one’s life. So in this th esis the writer analysis the character
dominately,
plot, setting and theme just little explained. According to Roberts (1990;45)
character is the imaginary person that the author creates and can be classified as major
and minor character. Major character is an important
figure at the
centre of story’s
action or theme
whereas minor is the
character which support the major
character and to illuminate them. According Julien Bonn (2010;128) Plot is an author’s selection
and arrangement of incidents in a story to
shape the action and give the story a particular focus. Discussion of plot
include not just what happens, but also
how and why things happens happen the way they do. Stories
that are written
in a pyramidal
pattern divide the plot
three essential parts.
The first
part is the
rising action, in
which complications created
some sort of conflict
for the
protagonist. The second part
is the climax, the
moment of greatest emotional tension in a narrative, ally marking
a turning point in the plot at which the r ising
action reserves to
become the falling
action. The third
part, the falling action (or resolution) is characterized by
diminishing tensions and the resolution of the plot’s conflict and complications. In
media’s res is a term used to described the common strategy of beginning a story in the
middle of the action. In this type of plot, we enter the story on the verge of some
important moment.
According to
Julien Bonn (2010;153)
Setting is the
time, place, culture
in which the
action of the narrative
takes place. The elements
of setting may
include geographyc location,
characters pyshical, and
mental environments, prevailing cultural attitudes or the historical time in
which the action takes place. According to Julien Bonn (2010;171) Theme is a central idea
or statement that unifies and controls the
entire work. The theme can take the form of a brief and meaningful insight or a
comprehensive vision of life, it may be
a single idea.
“Flower for Algernon” is the
novel written by Daniel Keyes was born August 9, 1972 is an American author
best known for his Hugo Award - Winning short story and
Nebula Award – Winning
novel “Flower for Algernon”. Keyes
was given the Author
Emeritus honor by Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America in 2000.
The writer interested in analysis
this Novel because Daniel Keyes was able to make a rare story about a mentally retarded named
Charlie had a short happy moment and able
make a Fantasy
story. Then the
writer prefer to
Novel than poetry
or drama.
Therefore the writer wish to
study “Flower for Algernon” by Daniel Keyes.
The novel tells the story of Charlie Gordon
has an IQ of 68 and has job at a bakery. Charlie
narrates his experience
through ‘progress reports’,
which he has agreed
to submit himself to experimental surgery in order to improve his intelligence.
The reports reveal Charlie’s
experience in the bakery to which the owner, his uncle’s friend,
has brought him
from the Warren
State Home for
retarted people. Charlie becomes a part of the bakery, and considers
the people there as his friends. Yet, he is dissatisfied and wants to be ‘smart’. So, he
joins a special school for retarted people at Beckman College. Charlie attends reading
and writing classes at Beekman College Center
for Retarded Adult to improve himself.
After this, his teacher, Alice Kinnian, recommends him to a research team at Beckman
psychology department. Alice as a teacher is
a young attractive
woman. Two scientist
at Beekman are
looking for a human
test subject on whom to try an experimental medicine to increase intelligent.
They have
already try this
experimental medicine on
a mouse named
Algernon which be
success intelligent. Alice support
Charlie to undergo
that experimental medicine.
Charlie then undergoes
weeks of testing
and competing with a white mouse,
Algernon at completing mazes. He is
depressed when the mouse beats him every time.
The operation takes
place and Charlie
is disappointed at
not ‘getting smart’
immediately. However, he
is assured that
he will progress
gradually, but steadily. Over
a period of time, Charlie finds himself being able to read more, win some
mazes and master
complex processes at
the bakery. He
is disillusioned with many
of them. He has to spend a lot of time reading and being tested at the Beckman lab.
By now, he
knows that Algernon
has also had
surgery similar to
his, which accounts
for his intelligence.
Charlie surges ahead
in gathering knowledge
and mastering languages. He
begins to see his supportive teacher Alice, as an attractive young
woman. They become
close and he
tries to make
love to her.
On several occasions, he finds he has a violent physical
reaction when he is making love to her and
therefore has to stop. He can’t understand why this happens. Around the same time, Charlie’s repressed memories of his
home, surface. Disturbing scenes, like, his mother pushing him to study or others when he
is being pushed aside in favor of his younger
sister, flash through his memory. Charlie is upset, but he finds his newfound intellectual ability thrilling and works hard.
He finds that he and Algernon are to be taken
to Chicago for a convention, at which Numer will present the findings of the team.
The experimental is
success. Charlie has
an IQ 185
now. However, as his
intelligent increases,
his relationship with
people be bad.
Finally intellectual of Charlie
be regresses. He said sorry for his parents co-workers. In a final postscript
to his writings, he request that someone
put flower on Algernon’s grave.
1.2 Problem of the Study This thesis is going to
find whether Charlie really have A Short Happy moment after an Experimental Medicine success? 1.3
Objective of the Study The aim of this thesis is to describe whether
Charlie really have a short happy moment after an Experimental Medicine success.
1.4 Scope of the study Scope of the study is only analyzing
characters in Flower for Algernon.
1.5 Significant of the study Significant of the study is to improve the
learning of literature, especially literary novels
in addition to drama and poetry.
Another significant is that
there are moral lessons
to understand of the main character.
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