CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study In
analyzing the sentence
or utterance can
be approached through discourse
analysis. Brown and
Yule (1983:9) specify the
meaning of discourse analysis as the study of human used the
language tocommunicate and particular addresses
work on linguistic messages in order to interpret them.
According to the Renkena (1993:1)
Discourse study is discipline devoted to the
investigation of the
relationship between form
and function in
verbal communication. Verbal
communication related with
spoken language, while written
language is appeared in the form of texts. Therefore, discourse is different from
text. Discourses focuses
on process, while
text on language
production.
Furthermore, discourse
analysis studies the
use of language
in discourse, the manner in
which the content
of any subject
is organized and
givenlinguistic expression. The aim
is to reveal
the processes by
which a piece
of language in interpreted
as discourse (Boey,
1975:117). Therefore in
studying a language discourse
analysis plays an
important role to
identify what may
occur in the interpretation
process.
Discourse analysis
has become a
growing interest issue.
Discourse analysis is the
discipline devoted to the investigation of the relationship between form and function in verbal communication. It
is aimed to provide of systematic differences
in form and function and the relation between them (Renkema,1993:3) When we want to analyze some sentence or
utterance,we have to know the context
and contain stated. We can not translate an utterance literally, since we will
misunderstand the meaning
of that utterance.
Every utterance needs
to be interpreted base on its context. It means that
whatis uttered depends on who or whom,
where and when the utterance appears. It is more interesting to do through discourse
analysis. Cook (1989:6)
says that discourse
is language in
use for communication; it means all forms of language
used in society whether spoken or written. Spoken
language has form
of verbal communication
while written language is appeared in form text.
One of the elements of discourse
studies is deixis.Deixis makes discourse easier
and more effective,
giving us a
means to pass
more information in
less time. There are many
meanings of deixis. Renkema (1993:76) says that the word “Deixis” is derived from the Greek word
meaning “toshow” or “to indicate”. It is used to denote those element in language which
for directly to the situation. Also we can
say that deixis
is the reference
by means of an
expression whose interpretation is relative to the linguistic
or extralinguistic context of the utterance, such as who is speaking, to whom, what status
does the interaction participants have, what relation do they have, the time or
placeof speaking, the gestures of the speaker,
or the current location in the discourse (www.wikipedia.org).
There are
five kinds of
deixis: Discourse deixis,
Person deixis, Place deixis,
Time deixis and Social deixis. (Levinson, 1983) the theory of deixis which is
proposed by Karl
Buhler (developed by
Stephen Levinson) is
the one particularly used to analyze word or utterance
usedby the writer/journalist on the cover
story section on Global Finance Magazine. It
provides the basic theory of how people
use the language
in written or
spoken in focusing the
function of words, especially deixis which is always
related totext, which cannot be separated from the context. Sometime, on the text there
are some words, which are hidden, so we
can show each function of words if we know the context this study, then focuses on the use of deixis types on the
context.
Magazine is one of communication
instrument in the form of written text between
the writer and the reader. The writer uses his idea, language, experience, and
world view expressed
in words, while
the reader uses his
knowledge, language, though and
world view to construct and interpret the writer’s word into idea to arrive at the writer’s intended
meaning. Aswe know there are many kinds of
English Magazine which spread all over Indonesiasuch as TESOL Magazine, Global Finance, Hello English, etc. each
magazine has different style, news and language. In
communication including magazine,
unconsciously human being used
deictic expression (such as I, you, and they,
now, there, that and so on) to indicate
something in the immediate context. In this study the researcher will use Global
Finance Magazine as
the object of
the research, because
the Global Finance is only magazine which used English
language in Indonesian country, so it is
can be easily and more effective to become the object of research, especially they as English Student.
The Cover
Story Section of The Global
Finance Magazine will
be investigated in this study for
it is the most important part of magazine and denote to essence of news besides capturing the
reader’s attention in the first time when they receive a magazine. If the cover of
magazine is interesting, the reader will enjoy
reading it from
beginning until the
end. So, cover
story as the
news title must
be located in
strategic place on
magazine, since it
can be categorized
as special word
or utterance, in
order that the
readers can look
at the cover
of magazine. In short the Cover
Magazine must convey amaximum or information with a minimum of language symbol.
To analyze the Cover Story of The Global Finance , the theory of deixis
is chosen because
it is used
to pointed thing
in order to make
clear what speaker/writer means. Also the researcher will
focus on analyzing the deixis type which
consists of five parts: Discourse deixis, Person deixis, Place deixis, Time deixis and Social deixis.
This study has relation to
previous research, they are Choiriyah (2003) is study which analyzed the Deixis used on the
Jawa Post Radar Malang.She discuss Choiriyah
(2003) discussed a pragmatic on deixis used in the headlines of Jawa Pos/Radar Malang. She found that deixis used
in theheadlines of Radar Malang could be
divided into person deixis, place deixis, time and space deixis. The person deixis could be divided into person
deixis which used the direct name of the
third singular person, person deixis with certain social status in society and
the professions. In addition, place
deixis was used when the journalist wanted to show the time where the utterance occupied.
Moreover, Hasanah (2004) studied deixis of
headlines published by Kompas during
general election 2004. Based on Levinson theory, she found that there were five kinds of deixis, namely
person, place, time, discourse, and social deixis. The first person deixis was used when
journalist wanted to show the speakers
who produced the utterance in the headline, while the third person deixis was expressed when the journalist wanted to
show the people who did refer to the speaker
or addressee. Place deixis was used to describe a location relative to the location of participant in speech event, as
well ashave been shown in the context.
Time deixis was used to point the
certain period oftime when journalist showed the utterances used by the speaker and also
the time of event. In addition, a discourse
deixis was used to refer to some portionsof discourse that contain the utterance as a signal and its relation to
surrounding text. Furthermore, social deixis
was used to indicate the distinct social roles between participants.
0 komentar:
Posting Komentar