CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
The
varieties of language
has made a
gap for people
from different countries
to share information
in communication. In
order to bridge
the gap, translation is conducted. Translation is
attempted to be used to overcome barriers in international communication. It takes a
very important role and has successfully played its role in spreading the knowledge in
this world through the translation of scientific
books and journals.
We cannot deny that there are a lot of good books of science
written in English,
which some of
them are not
readable for some interested learners.
By the translation
of those books,
science has been
made understandable and familiar
to a lot of people. Therefore, some scientific terms, such as export, import, credit, debet and
monopoly have been familiar to most of us.Science is
always improving and
making innovation to
fulfil the human need.
Economy is one of the sciences which is improving rapidly to fulfil human need. Economy has an intense contact to human
life. Everyday, human activities will include
economic activities, such
as purchasing, selling,
and paying something.
According to
Oxford Advanced Learner’s
Dictionary, term is
a word or phrase
used as the name of something, especially one connected with a particular subject or used in a particular type of
language.
As
economic science improves and innovates, it often evolves or produces new
term. This new
term may cause
problems to a
translator since it
is quite impossible
to update the
existing dictionaries with
a new term
in every short period in
order to have
a very complete
term dictionary. Compiling
new term dictionary would also require a tremendous
amount of human effort.
In this case, because of some
reasons, a translator should decide whether he tries to find the equivalent word in the
target language or to loan those terms into
the target language. Bolinger (1975:419) says, “Borrowings concentrates in the areas where contact is most intense.
Therefore, it is not surprising that science and technology lead the field nowadays, with
sport and tourism close behind. But the contact
has grown so
close in recent
time with press,
radio, television, and international travel,
that a kind
of universal diffusion
is taking place.”
For example, the
word monopoly which is
translated into monopoli. The
translator uses borrowing
procedure. The translator
borrows the term
from the target language and make changes in the writing
system of the word.
Another problem
that frequently appears
is that economic
terms often cannot be translated on a word by word basis.
While the individual word of the term
may have many possible translations, the term itself typically has a unique translation that may or may not correspond to
the translation of its components.
For example, ask price which is
translated into harga terendah. This is one of the example
of the term
found in Gregory
Mankiw’s The Principles
of Economics.
According to Oxford Advanced
Learner’s Dictionary, to ask means to request that somebody
gives something or
does something. In
Bahasa Indonesia, this
is permintaan.
While price means an amount of money for which something may be bought or sold which in Bahasa Indonesia, it
is harga. The translation of the word askcorresponds
to price that what a buyer ask is usually the lowest price. In this case, the translator uses equivalence procedure
to solve the translation problem.
In the
other hand, some
translations of term
may not have
corresponse between its
components. For example, the translation of
current asset into aktiva lancar.
Current means the latest which
is mutakhir in Bahasa
Indonesia, asset refers to the
thing owned by a person or company that has value, which is harta milik
in Bahasa. In
this example, the
translation of the
term current asset into aktiva lancardoes not correspond to the
translation the word composing the term.
In this
case, the translator
also uses the
equivalence procedure to
solve the translation problem.
In addition, it also frequently
appears that a translator adds a word to make the translation not strange in the target
language. For example, the term substitutes which is translated into barang
substitusiinstead of substitusi and demandswhich is translated into permintaaninstead of
permintaan-permintaan. The translation of the
terms substitutions and
demands faces problem
if they are
translated with literal translation. In these cases,
transposition procedure is used.
Mona Baker and Gabriela Saldanha
(2009:288) says that in most cases, it is
the terminologists who engage in the systemic research of one or more domains in
order to compile
bi- or multi-
lingual resources, such
as glossaries or
term banks, for
use by translators.
However, as noted
above, translators themselves may engage in a kind of ad hoc terminographic
activity when they endeavour to establish
a terminological equivalent or find a translation solution to a particular terminological problem encountered in a text.
It means that translator also plays a role
in determining the name of scientific term in a target language. The translator
gives
contribution to the target language in expanding its vocabularies when
no equivalence in
TL is found,
especially the vocabularies
dealing with science which will always improve.
0 komentar:
Posting Komentar