CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the Study
In general it said that a group of words, which makes
sense, but not complete sense, is called
a Phrase. It is a group of related words without a Subject and a Verb. Phrases
are always found in sentences either
oral or written ones. Some examples of phrases are: 1. The sun rises in the east.
2. Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall.
3. She wore a hat with blue
trimming.
4. The accident on the bridge was
not serious.
5. The girl with red hair is an
artist.
A phrase may function as a verb,
noun, an adverb or an adjective.
Verb Phrases A verb phrase
consists of a verb, its direct and/or indirect object, and any adverb, adverb phrases, or adverb clauses which happen to
modify it. The predicate of a clause or sentence is always a verb phrase: Corinne is trying to
decide whether she wants to go to medical school or to go to law school.
He did not have all the
ingredients the recipe called for; therefore, he decided to make something else.
After she had learned to drive,
Alice felt more independent.
We will meet at the library at
3:30 p.m.
Noun
Phrases A noun phrase consists of a pronoun or noun with any associated
modifiers, including adjectives,
adjective phrases, adjective clause and other nouns in the possessive case.
Like a noun, a noun phrase can
act as a subject, as the object of a verb or verbal, as a subject or object complement, or as the object
of preposition, as in the following examples: a. subject Small children often
insist that they can do it by themselves.
object of a verb To read quickly
and accurately is Eugene's goal.
b. object of a preposition The
arctic explorers were caught unawares by the spring breakup.
c. subject complement Frankenstein
is the name of the scientist not the monster.
d. object complement I consider
Loki my favorite cat.
Noun Phrases using Verbals Since
some verbals, in particular, the gerund and the infinitive can act as nouns,
these also can form the nucleus of a
noun phrase: Ice fishing is a popular winter pastime.
However, since verbals are formed
from verbs, they can also take direct objects and can be modified by adverbs. A gerund phrase or
infinitive phrase, then, is a noun phrase consisting of a verbal, its modifiers (both adjectives and
adverbs), and its objects: Running a marathon in the Summer is thirsty work.
I am planning to buy a house next
month.
Adjective
Phrases An adjective phrase is any phrase which modifies a noun or pronoun. You
often construct adjective phrases using
participles or prepositions together with their objects: I was driven mad by
the sound of my neighbour's constant piano practising.
In this sentence, the
prepositional phrase "of my neighbour's constant piano practicing" acts as an adjective modifying the noun
"sound." My father-in-law locked his keys in the trunk of a borrowed
car.
Similarly in this sentence, the
prepositional phrase "of a borrowed car" acts as an adjective modifying the noun
"trunk." We saw Peter dashing
across the quadrangle.
Here the participle phrase
"dashing across the quadrangle" acts as an adjective describing the proper noun ‘Peter.’ We picked up the
records broken in the scuffle.
In this sentence, the participle
phrase "broken in the scuffle" modifies the noun phrase "the records." Adverb Phrases A
prepositional phrase can also be an adverb phrase, functioning as an adverb, as
in the following sentences.
She bought some spinach when she
went to the corner store.
In this sentence, the
prepositional phrase "to the corner store" acts as an adverb modifying the verb "went." Lightning flashed brightly in the night sky.
In this
sentence, the prepositional phrase "in the night sky" functions as a
adverb modifying the verb ‘flashed.’ In early October, Giselle planted twenty tulip
bulbs; unfortunately, squirrels ate the bulbs and none bloomed.
In this sentence, the
prepositional phrase "in early October" acts as an adverb modifying the entire sentence.
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