CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Language is so important and something
which we need everyday to communicate
with the people because without a language we cannot communicate with the others. Language is also tool to
connect one to another.
Kramsch (1998:3) exspresses that
“Language is the principle means whereby we conduct our social lives. When it is used
in contexts of communication, it is bound
up with culture in multiple and complex ways.”
Nowadays, many people use mobile
phone to connect and share with others in their life and its become so important. Mobile
phone is a tool of communication that makes
our life easy, especially to connect with the people. The fact, if we want to
use mobile phone easily we have to read
the way to use in part of user guide. Using mobile phone, we can call someone or send a
message fast. We can share the good, bad
or something with the people in our life.Related to communication in
translation, Kade ( in Wills: 65) says that the communicative study of translation, the most
comprehensive approach, has proved to make
possible a precise definition of aspects of research, using the subject of the research as a point of departure.
As
means of communication, translation is a process of communication, to impart the knowledge of the original to the
foreign language. Translation is so important
to understand about something. Cartford, (in
Wills: 66), says that translation
is an operation performed on languages: a process of substituting a text in one language for a text in another. Clearly
then, any theory of translation must draw upon a theory of language- a general
linguistic theory.
Newmark (1981:7) defines that
translation is an instrument of education as well as of thruth precisely because it has to
reach readers whose cultural an educational
level is different from and often lower or earlier than that of the readers of the original.
In addition Nida (in Venuti 2000: 127) defines
“translation consist in reproducing in
the receptor language the natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and second
in terms of style. Differences in translations
can generally be accounted for by three basic factors in translating: 1) the nature of the message, 2) the purpose or
purposes of the author, and 3) the type of audience.
Translation is a field of various
procedures. To translate the translator may use the procedures that differs in importance
according to the contextual factors of both the Source Language (SL) and the Target
Language (TL).
Newmark (1998:81), differentiates
between translation method and translation procedures. He writes that, translation method
relate to whole text, and translation procedures
are used for sentences and the smaller units of language.
Larson
(1998:3) gives the meaning of translation that translation is basically a change of form. Translation also consists of
studying of lexicon, grammatical structure,
communication situation, and cultural context of tha source language text.
Larson (1998:15) divides
translation into two types. The first one is form-based translation and the second one is
meaning-based translation.
Vinay and Darbelnet (in Venuti
2000) “ translation procedures are the basic technique of translation. According to them
the procedures can be divided into two methods
covering seven procedures, they are (i) direct translation, consist of borrowing, calque and literal translation, and
(ii) oblique translation, consist of transposition,
equivalent, modulation and adaptation.
Vinay and Darbelnet (in Venuti
2000) theory of translation procedures is relatively easy to understand. In this thesis
I analyze the user guides with the theory of translation procedures by Vinay and Darbelnet’s
to find out the direct translation procedures
above are exist or not.
In this analisis, the example are
profiles which translated into profil it is the example of borrowing procedures because the SL
is transferd directly to the TL. The next
example is inbox which translated into
pesan masuk and settings which translated into pengaturan.
The two example above are
examples of literal translation procedures because the direct transfer of source language text
into a grammatically and idiomatically target
text.
!.2
Problems of the Analysis Based on the background above there are problems of
the analysis which are discussed: a.
What kind of direct translation found in the target text? b.What is the most
dominant direct translation found in the target text? 1.3 Objectives of the
Analysis To answer the problems above the research questions is most important objective of this thesis. The researcher will
try to find out the direct translation procedures.
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