CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
In this
chapter, the background study, problems of the study, objectives of the study, the significances of the study, the
scope and limitation of the study, the definitions
of key term are discussed.
1.1 Background of the Study As the
user of the language, the human being chooses the words, constructs the phrase, arranges the sentence,
and chooses the certain topic to reach the
interest. Language is not only used to share the massage but also to strike for
the interest. Through language does not
only give the direction but also limit the intention and engineer the inner of target.
The useof language can be proposed to influence,
conquer, incline, and domesticate others.
In addition, Language comes to
reach the interest of the speaker and the writer to the reader or listener. In this case,
Jacobson in (Hidayat: 2006; p.27) classified language into six functions; namely, first,
Emotive functionis the function of language
is to declare the feeling and the emotion of the speaker, second, Phatic function is the function of language is to
keep the social relation which happen in the special condition, third, cognitive
functionis the function of language to reflect
the real condition of the information (denotation meaning), fourth, rhetoric functionis the function of language
to influence and control the thought and
the attitude of the listener, fifth, metalingual function is kind of language 14 which
is abstract, it is used to dig the communication code, Poetic functionis the function of language is to express the
esthetic.
In this research, it is more
emphasizing on the function of the language as rhetoric function of the language. Therefore
the analyses of particular words used in
newspaper text are almost often the first stage of any text in discourse
analysis.
Word conveys the imprint of
society and the value judgments in particular. They convey connoted as well as denoted meaning.
According Derida in (Rahardjo: 2007;
p.53) stated that every text is a contested terrain. Meaning that something which appears in growing structure cannot be
understood without reference to hidden
and contextualization meaning going on simultaneous by signing text meaning. He emphasized that every text hides
conflict between different authority (text
and subject), so there will be significant relation between text and context itself.
One of approaches to discourse is
through critical perspectives. Critical perspectives
or Critical Discourse Analysis is a new paradigm of Discourse Analysis in which texts are to describe,
explain, and interpret or to investigate them deeply by positioning the analyst
(Fairclough:1989; p3). According to Crystal
Critical Discourse Analysis or recently CDAis a perspective which studies the relationship between discourse
event and socio-political and cultural factors,
especially the way discourse is ideologically influenced and can itself influence power relations in society (Crystal:
1997; p.100) All Critical Discourse Analysis
agree that texts are related to ideologieswhich are usually connected to power as well.
15 “Ideologies are closely linked to power,
because the nature of ideological assumptions embedded in particular conventions, and so the
nature of those conventions themselves, depends
on the power relations which underlie the conventions; and because they are a means of legitimizing existing social
relations anddifferences of power, simply through the recurrence of ordinary, familiar ways of
behaving which take these relations and power differences for granted. Ideologies are
closely linked to language, because using language in the commonest form of social behaviour and
the form of social behaviour where we rely most on ‘common sense’ assumptions
(Fairclough: 1989; p.3).
The "Critical" means
not taking things for granted,opening up complexity, challenging reductionism, dogmatism and
dichotomies, being self-reflective in the research, and through these processes, making
opaque structures of power relations and
ideologies manifest. "Critical", thus, does not imply the common sense meaning of "being negative"
rather "skeptical". Proposing alternatives is also part of being
"critical"(Kendall: 2007; 38 paragraphs). For this research, the researcher would like to analyze the words
used to grow the Muslim’s image in The
Jakarta Post.
In this research, the researcher investigates
the phenomena of microstructure in the
level of word in headlines news column on Muslim issues used in The Jakarta Post. This model of
critical discourse analysis is considered fit to this phenomenon of language because
word-choice that is stated by the journalists
indeed has special goal to influence other people. Eventually, this research attempts to answer the question about
word-choice of microstructure which is
used by the journalist in his headlines news column.
Israel is one of the Jewish
countries in the world.Around 55% Jewish citizen was born in Palestine and the rest of
it was newcomer. Israel Jewish is classified
into two groups: one is Sephardic (Jewish from Middle East Territory and North Africa) and Ashkenazic(Jewish is
from Europe). Even though Israel is 16 famous
with modern democracy country, but it still correlates with Jew’s ritualistic text and it will not separate
between Jew religion with country policy(Husaini:
2001; p.9). Israel was proclaimed on th of
May 1948, it is a country which is established
from three fundamentalpillars; first,theology claim coming from Ecclesiastes from bible, second,
Balfour declaration announced by Eretz
England in 1917, and the third, Palestine area territory became Arab and Jewish country by MUPBB in 1947(Husaini: 2001;
p.9). The conflict between Israel and
Palestine was begun from the intention to prove Yosua book which told Ibrahim story from god promise. It stated that
god will make Israel as the big country,
then the god made Ibrahim went to Palestine, and god convinced that Palestine will belong its decent(Husaini:
2001; p.10). What does the land mean? The
Promised Land means that Palestine territory.
According to Ben Gurion in Husaini
based on bible the territory of Israel classified into five regions; namely, south Lebanon, south Syria, Transyordania,
Palestine, and Sinai(Husaini: 2001; p.10).
From that theology claim and the history of Palestine land which is supported by Balfour Declaration in 1917,
Jewish citizen started to conquer Palestine
Territory.
For this research the researcher
takes The The Jakarta Post, because it is a daily English language newspaper in Indonesia.
Withan average circulation of around
50,000 copies, it is the largest English language newspaper in Indonesia.
The paper is owned by PT Bina
Media Tenggara, and the head office is in the nation's capital, Jakarta. The newspaper was
launched on 25 April 1983(Bayuni: 1983.p1).
The researcher chooses The Jakarta Post for the research object because 17 first,The
The Jakarta Postis a small but influential newspaper oriented towards local English-speaking expatriates and the
diplomatic community; second, The newspaper
is owned by a consortium of competing Indonesian-language newspaper companies, and the third, it is
regarded as neutral news paper, it is more
objective, because it is produced in Indonesia. There is no any tendency to assist in one side, so that it is pure news
paper.
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