CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
This
chapter presents background of the study, research problems, objectives of the study, significance ofthe
study, scope and limitation, and definition
of key terms.
1.1 Background of the Study Speaking style in speech is studied in
stylistic linguistics, which focuses on the
characteristic of linguistic variables within discriminative contexts so that
the principles of linguistic selections
made by particular individuals and communities can be established.
Speech style is related with the
content of speech, the activity of conversation, the emotion of speaking and the emphasized
object. With different speech content, we
get different style.
Moreover, style plays a large
part inhow we communicate with each other.
When we communicate with someone,
we will choose a particular style which is suitable with the context. For instance, we
expect our teachers to communicate with
us in ways that differ from other friends. An additional example; we most likely communicate with a police officer or
public official much differently than we
would a family member. So, clearly the style we use to communicate is based upon components of communication.
Furthermore, Hymes in Wardough
(1986) points out several factors of people choosing a style in communication. Those
factors are setting, participants, end, act sequence, key, instrument , norm of
interaction and interpretation and genre.
Another expert, Grosjean, also
mention several factors but actually those factors are similar. They are only different in terms
but Hymes mentions the factors in detail
and more complex.
The description above shows that
language and communication correlate each other. It is because language functions as a
means of communication to maintain social
relationship. Through language human beings can convey ideas and feelings, exchange information, as well as
interact and cooperate with others. It is in accordance with the interactional view of
language. Language is seen as a “vehicle
for the realization of interpersonal relations and for the performance of social transactions between individuals”
(Richards, 1992: 17). In addition, Rahardjo
states that language is a codesystem and symbol which is made and used by collected community members, and is
based on the agreement in the form utterances
(2002: 50). And surely, in interaction with others, someone will choose the appropriate style to makecommunication
runs smoothly.
It is very interesting to be
studied since everyone does notalways speak in exactly the same way. There are some ways
people use language style in a communication.
People possess themselves in relation to other with the way they talk in different kinds of interaction.
Basically, The Holy Koran has
showed this phenomena if wepay attention to it very much. These phenomena are in the styles
of Allah SWT convey His messages through
the verses of makky and the verses of madany. To illustrate it, let us see the following verses; Al- Lahab and
Al- Nur ôM¬7s? Al- Lahab is one of the verses of makky and
An- Nur is one of the verses of madany.
Through these two surah, we get different style.Al- lahab consists of short verses. On the contrary, An- Nur
consists of long verses. Al- Lahab is about the story of Abu Lahab. Whether An-Nur is
about the rule.
From multilingual context, it is
very possible that languages influence each other. Such this condition happens since the
necessities of intercourse which bring speakers
of one language contact withthose neighboring dominant languages directly or indirectly. It can bring a certain
style in a communication.
The researcher chooses Pesantren
Mahasiswa IAIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya since
it is a special place for those who get scholarship from Department of Religious Affairs and for those who want to
stay in it. So, it is very limited. This pesantren is established to meet the need of
good and quality human resources. It is
designed as the center for language learning (English and Arabic).
Consequently, all students have
to speakthese two languages in certain days.
There are two levels in English
program, namely lower intermediate and upper intermediate. Lower intermediate is aimed to
give understanding and mastering English
grammar as well as ability to speak English. Whereas upper intermediate is aimed to enable the students toread and
listen to English properly.
1.2 Research problems 1. What
the characteristic of the English style are spoken by multilingual speakers in Pesantren Mahasiswa IAIN Sunan
Ampel Surabaya? 2. How do multilingual speakers apply the style
in their daily communication? 1.3 Objectives of the Study 1. To
describe the characteristic of the English style spoken by multilingual speakers in Pesantren Mahasiswa IAIN Sunan
Ampel Surabaya.
2. To describe the circumstances of the English
style applied by multilingual speakers
in Pesantren Mahasiswa IAIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya.
1.4 Significance of the Study 1.
Practical significance This study
helps the language learners, especially for those who stay in Pesantren Mahasiswa to create a good
communication. It is also expected to
add their understanding in using the language in the proper way.
2. Academic significance This study helps language learners to
understand the style applied by multilingual
speakers who stay in a pesantren where English is one of the official languages in daily communication. It
is also expected to help the next
researcher who wants to conduct a study in the same area.
1.5 Scope and Limitation This study focuses on spoken language, namely
speech style which is applied by
multilingual speakers in Pesantren Mahasiswa IAIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya.
Especially on the characteristic
of the English style in termof its linguistic features; lexical, word formation, and
grammatical. Since each style is characterized
by a set of linguistic features, not by a single feature.
Basically, in multilingual
society, English is not the only one language which is spoken by them. There are many other
languages for instance, Arabic, Indonesian,
Javanese and so on. However, it is still possible to analyze their English style in the daily communication.
1.6 Operational Definition of Key
Terms To avoid misunderstanding and
misinterpretation, the researcher gives a certain definition concerning with the title.
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