CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study Literature refers to compositions that tell
stories, dramatize, situation, express emotions,
and analyze and advocate ideas. Before the invention of writing, literary works were, necessarily spoken or sung. And
were retained only as long as living people performed
them. Literature isdifferentiated from popular
ephemeral classes of writing.
Terms such as ‗literary fiction‖ and ―literary merit‖ are used to distinguish individual
works as art-literature rather
than vernacular writing,
and some critics
exclude works from
being ―literary‖, for example,
on grounds of weak or faulty style, use of slang, poor
characterization and shallow or contrived construction.
Other exclude all
genres such as
romance, crime and
mystery, sciense fiction, horror,
and fantasy.
Literary works are the product of
literature. Literary works can be divided into three
categories of genres;
poetry, prose, and
drama. Prose can
be divided into short
story and novel. A novel is normally a prose work of quite some length and complexity
which attempt to
reflect and express
something of the
equality or value of human experience or conduct, (Taylor
Richard, 1981 : 46). Most novels are
concerned with people and their problem in their environment. Every novel is an account of life which involves conflicts,
character, plot, settings, and theme. A characters is a fictitious person that
describe or taken part in literary works in the novel
in English, (Ian
Milligan, 1983 :
26). Hence, characters
should be understood as living persons that have certain
characteristics in their nature. These characteristics may
be good or bad that
man has in
general through their existence.
Based on the theory (Rene Wellek,
1977 : 15) literary is study of principles of literature, its categories and the like it. It
has a wide scope of study, including the definition,
meaning, and function
of literature. Literary
genre and form
literary movement theory
of literary criticsm,
and the relation
between literature and biography,
psychology, philosophy and religion.
Psychology it means that we study
about behavior off all organism included animal and human. John L. Vogel writes the idea in thinking about
psychology based on the idea of The
American Psychological Association who says : Psychology is the scientific study of behavior
and experience And the application of
that knowledge to human problems.
(John L. Vogel 1986 : 11) The term ‗psychology‘ derives from greek ‗psyche‘ and ‗logos‘. Psyche means personality and
logos means science.
So it can
be clearly concluded
that psychology is
a science that
studies about personality
and uses person
as the object of the study.
Leading character is the centered
individual who is very dominant. As an individual,
the leading is focused personality.
Leading character emerged a long side
the extraordinary character, a character that might be called prototypical. The
prototypical character is not a
stereotype but a fully rounded, three dimensional character.
Leading character is such opening quotation
marks, opening parentheses, and currency
signs that should not be separated from succeeding characters. Leading character of a Greek drama was it is leading
actor, therefore, there could be only one
in a play.
Depression
is ally thought
of as being
a disorder or
disturbance in mood. Everyone, at various time in life, feels sad or blue.
Sadness or grief is a normal response to death, loss mood, separation
or difficult life events. Depressed people
are potentially capable of doing very well on test of memory and abstract thought,
but their perceptions
about the world and
their emotional reactions are asked.
Douglas Berstain in Psychology (1988 : 561)
states that depression plays 4 central role
in many mood
disorders and can
range from occasional
―down‖ periods to episodes severe enough to require
hospitalization Elizabeth
is a leading
characters in this
novel. She had
everything a modern
American woman was
supposed to want
husband, country, home, successful career
but instead of
feeling happy and
fulfilled., she felt
consumed panic and confusion.
Following a divorce and crushing depression, Elizabeth set out
examine three different aspect
of her nature,
set against the
background of three different cultures ; pleasure in Italy,
devotion in India and on the Indonesian island
of Bali, a balance between worldly enjoyment and divine transcendence.
The reason caused the writer choose this novel
to be analyzed further is the characters of
this novel is a very
struggle and fight
to solve her
problems.
Elizabeth as
a leading characters have
some problems in
her marriage and
get depression. Eat, Pray, Love
is one interesting novel.
1.2 Problem of the Study In analyzing the
leading characters depression in Elizabeth Gilbert in Eat, Pray, Love. I find the problem are : 1. What causes Elizabeth depression ? 2. What
Elizabeth do to solve her depression ? 1.3 Objectives of the Study The
objectives of the
analysis tent to
answer the problem
of the analysis, based on the problem above, the objectives of
this analysis mainly : 1. To describe the depression of Elizabeth in
the novel of Eat, Pray, Love written by
Elizabeth Gilbert 2. To describe what Elizabeth do to solve her
depression in the novel of Eat, Pray,
Love written by Elizabeth Gilbert 1.4 Scope of the Study In doing analysis of the literary work, there
should be a scope of the analysis.
The object that will be analyzed
become clear and purpose of the analysis are easy
to understand by
the readers. In
this thesis, I
have just limited
the depression of the leading
characters has been twice divorce.
1.5 Significance of the Study the
significance of this
is to show
to the readers
that the relation
between literature and
psychology. the relation of literature and psychology is not from the works of art, but from the minds of the
writer in creating the minds of the characters.
The way to make the characters and characteristic of the characters is dealth with psychology.
I
hope this thesis
will be able
to serve as the source
for information for student
who are interested in knowing what depression is and what step taken part in solving the depression in Eat, Pray,
Love.
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