CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1Background of the Study Literature is very important to study, because
literature is a record of human life
experiences either his own experience or others. Literary works is the reflection of the lives of human being. In short,
literature is the imitation of human being’s
life and it deals with the human happiness or sorrow. Hadson (1965:10) states that literature is a vital record of
what men have seen in life, what they have thought and felt about those aspects of it which
have the most immediate and enduring
interest for all of us. It is thus fundamentally an expression of life through the medium of language.
By studying literary works and
connecting that with our daily life experience,
we not only get pleasure or joy but also it can increase our knowledge and experience about human problems. Through
literary works we can observe, analyze
or consider the action that has been done by the characters in the stories that are favorable or not.
Jones (1968:1) states that
literature is inits broadest sense, includes all written materials, such as history books,
philosophical works, novels, poems, plays,
scientific articles, dictionaries, instructional manuals, travel folders, magazines and school textbooks.
Literature is divided into three
categories that are poetry, narrative or fiction, and drama. Drama is a works of story
telling in which the actors represent the
characters. The characters express what they have in mind directly through dialogues. Most dramas are designed for
theatrical presentation which delineates life and human activity by means of presenting
various action of-and dialoguesgroup of characters and it is designed for
theatrical presentation.
A drama; tragedy or comedy, or
combination of those two kinds; tragic comedy,
is a work of literature that is written to be acted on stage. However, there are kinds of drama which are designed only to
be read in form of writing. It can give
either companionship or experience and it is called Closed Drama as Reaske (1965:5) states that there are few plays which
are basically designed for reading rather
than for theatrical performance and these are referred to as closed drama.
Drama concerns with human
beingsand there activities something important
to enjoy, either to read or to see in theatrical performance beside we can get a lot of valuable things moral teachings
from drama as it deals with problems of
life. Enjoying literary works is impressive and valuable. Jones (1968:30)
states each person has decided to live
life as possible to do and see many things or hear about and read of many things. Such alive as
filled withconflicts, struggles, and dilemmas.
Such a life becomes an exciting life, for life itself is a problem solving business. Reading and interpreting literature,
then, nourishes uswith a sense of the
complexity of life's deepest mysteries-- love, hate, death, conflicts between
the individual and society, and so on As we know that the values of life in the
creation of literature cannot be separated
from psychological aspects, because literature and psychology are two faces, which are covered by one heart and also
involve human being into the conflicts
or problems. The figures that appear in the literary works must have characters.
By "psychology of
literature", we may mean the psychological study of the researcher, as type and as individual, or the
study atthe psychological types and laws
present within works of literature, orfinally, the effects of literature upon
its readers (audience psychology).
Psychologist can classify the poet according to psychological types; they can describe his
mental illness, they mean even explore his
subconscious mind. The evidence of the psychologist may come from unliterary documents or it may be drawn the
work themselves. In the latter case, it needs
to be checked with the documentary evidence, to be carefully interpreted (Welleck and Warren, 1956: 81-90) Love’s Labour’s Lostis drama created by
Shakespeare. This play about the struggle
of four gentlemen of Navarre (King Ferdinand of Navarre and his Three Lords; Berowne, Longaville, and Dumaine)get
fame and glory by study for three years.
They have sworn an oath to spend their life time on studying, fasting one day in a week sleeping three hours in the
night and do not see women within a mile.
Meanwhile, the Prince of France withher ladies (Katharine, Maria, and Rosaline) visits the King Ferdinan’s courts on
a diplomatic mission. The men make their
oath to retire from the worldly life particularly from ladies arrive and they fall in love with ladies. It’s
interesting since they get difference experiences when they fall in love and after.
Love as one of the theme in
Love’s Labour’s Lostis subjective experience.
Everybody knows and familiar with
word “love” but they don’t have the same definition about it. It is exceedingly
difficult to define scientifically because the emotions that accompany love are complex and
far from being clearly understood (Elizabeth
Hall, 1983:604). Psychologists tend to define love as internal situation or process and seen as part of responses to
objects which are death or life(Lynn Wilcox,
2006:376).
Two Californian psychologist,
ThomasLassweell and Terry Hatkoff have developed
a love scale to measure several of these types; romantic loves, best friend or companionate love, unselfish love,
logical love, game-playing love {File:
//A:\tes\types of love, The Effects of Separation-Psychological Self-HelpHtm).
Furthermore, psychologist Robert Sternberg (Lynn Wilcox, 2006:391) formulated a triangular theoryof love and
argued thatlove has three different components:
intimacy, commitment, and passion. Intimacy is a form by which two people can share secrets and various
details of their personal lives. Intimacy is usually shown in friendships and romantic love
affairs. Commitment, on the other hand,
is the expectation that the relationship is going to last forever. The last and
most common form of love issexual
attraction and passion.
From those statements the writer
has chosen William Shakespeare’s Love’s Labour’s
Lostas the subject of his study since this play has something to do with psychological aspect of main character’s love
the main characters in this play have
different experiences, emotions and responses meanwhile they falling in love.
The other reasons are the writer
would like to build the habit of reading English literature. Through reading literary
works we can develop our ability to understand
English through the given stories. We read it both for pleasure and understanding. The story is some what easy to
be understood and more enjoyable and
favorable to read than other kinds of literary work. Furthermore, by beginning with this easier play, we can get a better
understanding of human psychology like what
Bulgeski (1960: 3) stated that ournovels, TV, drama, movies even comic strips as well as serious arts are talking
about psychology.
People are usually interested in
something that has connecting with their lives and their problem. Best of all, through
such play as a medium, this study attempts
to arouse student’s interestin enhancing their understanding and appreciation in literary work.
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