CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the
background of the study, statements of the problem, objectives of the study,
scope and limitation, significance of the study, and definition of key terms.
1.1 Background of the Study People often say that
silent is gold. In Islam, we are taught how to say something to other people.
If we can not say it well, it is better for us to keep silent. As stated in a
Hadith: Silent is important to keep us from saying something inappropriately.
In other words, we can actually say something or express our feeling and ideas
by keeping silent. Ideas can be expressed in various ways, both sound and
silence.
From this, we can see that silent
especially silence pauses need to be studied.
People talk as a way of conveying
their ideas to others, answering questions, registering promises and so forth
(Clark, 1977: 7). We realized that language production has very closed
relationship with communication. According to Clark (1977: 3-4), communication
with language is carried out through two basic human activities, speaking and
listening. In speaking, people put ideas into word, talking about perceptions, feelings and
intentions they want other people to grasp. In listening, they turn words into
ideas, trying to reconstruct the perceptions, feelings, and intentions they
were meant to grasp. Speaking and listening ought to reveal something
fundamental about the mind and how it deals with perceptions, feeling, and
intentions. Furthermore, Some people
assume that the native speakers, English for example, are fluent in speaking
their own language. Whereas, non-native speakers are not. It is acceptable
because it depends on the mother language. Yet, when we listen to some speeches
delivered by some native speakers, we found that they all are not always fluent
in delivering their speeches. In the middle of their speeches, they often try
to think what they are going to say. At this point, they just keep silent for a
while or make some pauses.
Silent pause has been defined by
some experts. For example, Carroll (1985) who says that silent pause is periods
of silence between the major content units of an utterance. When we communicate
with other people, sometimes, we use silent instead of words in expressing our
idea. In silent period, speaker does not produce any sounds or words to fill
their pause. In addition, Yule (1985) states that people also use silent pause
or completion point in conversational interaction as a maker of finishing
speaking turn by pausing at the end of a completed syntactic structure like a
phrase or a sentence. Hesitation is pauses of varying length that occur when
the speakers is losing their words during speaking.
Another definition is given by
Rieger (1995). He says that hesitation is pause of varying length which is
usually not left unfilled. There are two varieties of hesitation pauses that occur during speaking
they are silent paused and filled paused.
Related with the notion about
pauses above, there are some other researchers before. Grace (2007)
investigates silence pauses used by the speakers of English in Nigeria in their
daily conversation between husband and wife, parents and children/ wards, and
between friends. She found that any given silence that occurs in an interactive
conversation does not stand as a semantically independent event. It is affected
by the other non-verbal behavior that surrounds its use. Aliyatus Shofa (2008)
studies hesitation pauses, where silent pauses are included, in the
conversational interaction of the English Letters and Language Department’s
students at UIN Malang. She shows that the students used silent and filled
pauses as a signal to open the conversation, to take place for the speakers in turn-taking,
to think first before continuing their speech, and to hold the floor.
Ervina Ahsanti (2008) in her
research on hesitation used by the radio broadcasters in its interactive
program of Groovy Chat found that almost all of the participants need to remind
or think first and they often nervous so that they get stuttering.
Most of the researchers discussed
above, investigated the general phenomena of hesitation pauses where silent and
filled pauses are included and are only concerned with the conversational
interaction. To distinguish this research with the previous researches
explained above, this research delimits the notion of silent pauses which are
found in the movie. The research uses “Harry Potter and the Order of the
Phoenix” movie to be the object of the study because it is an interesting movie and has a special
language term. In its conversations, the characters of the movie often use
silent pauses to convey their messages instead of using words. Due to the fact
that the present previous studies only concern with the conversational
interaction, this research analyzes the silent pauses in the movie. Therefore,
this research analyzes silent pauses in “Harry Potter and the Order of the
Phoenix” movie.
1.2 Statements of the Problems The
research is conducted to find out the answers of the research problems, they
are: 1. What are the functions of silent pauses in “Harry Potter and the Order
of the Phoenix” movie? 2. What are the contexts occur among silent pauses used
in “Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix” movie? 1.3 Objectives of the
Study Based on the problems above, the objectives of the study are aimed at answering
the questions about: 1. The functions of silent pauses found in “Harry Potter
and the Order of the Phoenix” movie, and 2. The contexts occur among silent
pauses used in “Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix” movie.
1.4 Scope and Limitation This
research is conducted in the field of Psycholinguistic Study especially on
silent pauses. It analyzes the silent pauses found in the fifth movie of Harry Potter
whose title is “Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix” movie. The theory
used is Grace’s theory of silent pauses. The analysis is not made on the conversational
feature of the utterance in the movie such as filled pauses, interjection,
hesitation, etc.
1.5 Significance of the Study The
findings of this research are aimed at giving practical contribution to the
development of science especially in the field of Psycholinguistic study.
Practically, it is expected that
there will be another kinds of silent pauses and their functions can be found
and to apply Grace’s theory of silent pauses. By conducting this research,
everybody who studies English can deepen and can get more understanding about
silent pauses. Hopefully, this research will also give an important direction
to other researchers who are interested in doing similar research in the same
field in the future.
1.6 Definition of key Terms In
order to avoid misunderstanding in interpreting the terms used in this study,
the definitions are given as follow: Psycholinguistic : A branch of linguistics which explores the
relationship between the human mind and language.
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