CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
This chapter deals with
background of the study, problem of the study,
objective of the study, scope and limitation, significance of the study, and definition of the key terms.
1.1 Research Context Being polite is one of the
most important things in our social life.
We have to keep our polite words
and actions when we communicate with other people in order we get a successful
communication and reach our goal. Getting a successful communication means that we can
make the hearer understands what we mean
and keep hearer‟s feeling. Politeness phenomena appear not only in oral but also written communication. The degree of
politeness used will depend on the speaker,
hearer and the context of the communication. It will be a wide difference of a polite words and actions that is used by
a speaker when he speaks to his teacher
and to his friend. Politeness in written communication can be found in letters, caricatures, and many other written
forms since they provide the language that
is used by the writer to deliver the message and information to readers.
Commonly, the speaker will
consider the distance (such as social status, educational background, job, etc) to the
hearer in using polite words and actions.
The polite word and action are
chosen in order the hearer feels respected by the speaker and the communication can run
smoothly. The context of the communication
also has a great influence to the polite words and actions chosen.
This research is about politeness
strategies used in caricatures. On this
research, the researcher describes kinds functions of the politeness strategies
used in Jakarta Post caricatures seen
from readers‟ point of view. Politeness strategies are methods of communication used
to avoid or minimize the FTA (Face
Threatening Act) that a speaker makes (Brown and Levinson, 1987). An FTA means act that threatens the positive or
negative face of the hearer. Face refers
to the respect that an individual has for him or herself, and maintaining „self-esteem‟ in public
or private situation. Caricatures usually contain critics to inequality, injustice, social discrepancy and
many other topics that are mostly discussed
in society. In delivering critics by using caricatures, the caricaturist also involve politeness strategies in order the
message on the caricatures can be accepted
and understood by the readers but the readers face still can be maintained. The researcher uses Brown and
Levinson politeness strategies (Bald on
record, positive politeness, negative politeness, and on record strategy) to analyze the politeness strategies used in
caricature. Bald on record strategy can be found in caricature when the message brought
by the caricature can be understood clearly
by the readers without any effort from the writer to keep the reader‟s feelings. The use of
indirect description on the caricature can be considered as off record
strategies. It can be used to minimize any potentially damaging face interpretation.
There
are some unique sides of caricatures that make caricatures become an interesting objects to be analyzed;
(1) the picture or description of a person
in caricatures that emphasize on certain features can cause amusement or ridicule, (2) caricatures bring messages that
full of critics to the social phenomena in
society, such as injustice and social discrepancy, (3) the messages and meaning
brought by caricatures can be received
and understood by the readers although caricatures
use minimal words and picture (symbols). Because of that, the researcher wants to explore kinds and
functions of the politeness strategies used in caricature, especially in the Jakarta Post
newspaper.
The Jakarta Post is one of daily
newspapers in Indonesia that uses English
language. Jakarta Post first arose in April th , 1983 and became member of the Asia
Pacific Media Network since April 2000. Within its development, The Jakarta Post has become an English language
improvement media for many students who
want to learn more about English. There is an opinion column in The Jakarta Post that provides caricature that
deals with actual information and opinion.
The readers are able to get the content of the opinion by looking at the caricature. Although caricatures cause
amusement or ridicule, the essence of the message can be caught by the readers. That is
why caricature is an effective media to
express idea, transfer information and communicate with others.
There are some previous
researchers who have done researches on politeness
strategies, for examples; Mustain (2005) who analyzed politeness strategies used in caricatures published by
Jakarta Post and Rahmawati (2008) who
described politeness strategies used by the main character (Marcus) in Get Rich or Die Trying movie. The similarity from
this study with the previous studies is
the theory used. In this study the researcher uses Brown and Levinson theory that classifies politeness strategies into
bald on record, positive politeness, negative
politeness, and off record. This research has different research focuses and object of analysis with the previous
researchers. Most of the previous researchers
used movie script as their researches object, but the object of this research is caricatures. Hopefully, the
researcher is able find the politeness strategies
used in Jakarta Post caricatures and explain the functions of the politeness strategies used. The findings on
this research are expected to give valuable
information and explanation to the readers about the politeness strategies used in caricatures.
1.2 Research Focuses Based on the research
context, there are two sets of focuses that guide this study: 1.
What are the politeness strategies used in Jakarta Post caricatures? 2. What are the functions of politeness
strategies used in Jakarta Post caricatures?
1.3 Objectives of the Study This study is done for the purpose of finding the
description about: 1. Kinds of
politeness strategies used in Jakarta Post caricatures.
2. The functions of politeness strategies used
in Jakarta Post Caricatures 1.4 Significance of the Study There are two
significances of this study, those are
theoretical and practical. Theoretically, the
findings of this
study can become
one of the sources in
discourse studies, especially
on the Politeness
theory used in analyzing
caricatures.
Practically, the findings of this
research can give valuable information
about the Politeness theory used in analyzing caricatures for English students who are studying Discourse
Analysis. Others, to the teachers, the
result of this study are expected as an additional material for discourse analysis course. Also, the result of this
study is expected to be a contribution to
the future researchers who are interested in researching about the same topic.
1.5 Scope and Limitation The
objects of this study are caricatures which are found in opinion column on The Jakarta Post Newspaper. The
researcher focuses on analyzing the
politeness strategies used in Jakarta Post caricatures. The analysis is on the utterances and pictures (symbols) which
provide in the caricatures. The numbers
of caricatures are taken from st January
until 31 May 2011. The researcher takes
15 caricatures based on economic, social, and political topics, because the three topics are the important
issues that are discussed recently.
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