CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
This chapter discusses background of the
study, research problems, objectives of the study, significance of the study, scope and
limitation of the study, and definition of key terms.
1.1 Background of the Study “Allah
wishes to lighten for you (the jurisprudence), and human are created weak” (
An-Nisa’ 28).
Human being is the perfect
creation of God among other God’s creations. By reading the verse above, a lesson can be taken that there
are still weaknesses or shortage with the perfectness itself. There are various kinds of weaknesses
or shortages which exist in human beings, for example lack part of body, ability to think,
impairment of speech organ or language disorder, and et cetera.
This study researches one of the
weaknesses or shortages namely language disorder.
Language disorder can be
developmental (present early childhood) or they canbe acquired as the result of surgery, a stroke, an accident or,
old age. In certain casesthis hade a marked effect upon their ability to communicate in speech or
writing (Field, 2003:53).
One of the language disorders is
stuttering. Stuttering means that disorganized speech, stagnant, not flowing well freely, suddenly
stop to speech, then repeatthe first syllable of word, then the rest of the word, and then after
success to pronounce the word, they can finish all sentences (Indah and Abdurrahman, 2008:128).
According to Field (2003:128),
stuttering is various considerably between sufferers. It may involve the repletion of phonetic segment,
syllables or words (c-c computer, com-com computer, got a-got a-got abrother ) or alternatively
an extreme lengthening or segment or syllable
(af:::raid). These features occur in any hesitant speaker, but are generally
more frequent with a stutter. The most
characteristic symptom is a blocking of airflow, which causes long pauses and effortful speech. This may be
accompanied by a greater use than normal or fillers such as ermor oh to fill or anticipate a gap.
The general hesitance of speech often leads to irragulaties of rhythm and intonation and
words may be stressed erratically or left incomplete.
Sufferers are often aware of
their limitation and may paraphrase or use general terms to avoid word that they anticipate will be difficult.
One word has an important meaning to speakfor
stutter people. Itis different from people
who never get difficulties to pronounce one word only. A normal person never
knows how difficult to pronounce one
word and they almostnever care about it. Because of that reason this study is important and interesting to do
in order to make everyone realizes that pronouncing one word is not easy. It means that itneeds an
effort to pronounce it.
This phenomenon happens in the movie A Fish
Called Wanda exactly to Ken as a stuttered
character in the movie.In this movie, one word becomes very significant to one
who needs the word. In the story of the
movie, Ken asa stuttered character is asked by Archie where Otto and Wanda go. Ken gets difficulties to
say or pronounce the word that he means because his stutter gets worse. Ken tries hardly to pronounce
the word but he can’t pronounce the word because he is in depressed situation. Finally,
he has to write the word in the paper. In this case, it needs a time to get the answer because Ken
getsdifficulties to say the word while the word is very important.
Many researches about stuttering
have been conducted such as thesis of Neili (2008) She found that there are some kinds of language
disorder used by the stuttered man aged 26, they are disfluency (repitatation, prolongation, and
pause), blocking, avoidance behavior, and severity.
Meanwhile, Sa’diyah (2008) found
that there are some kinds of language disorder, they are absurd (AR) respond; add (AR) respond;
relevant but not very polite (RNP) and also marginal relevant (MR) respond. Then the research
conducted by Nafiah (2007). She found that there are some kinds of expressive language disorder
namely, phonological disorder, articulation disorder, voice disorder, articulation disorder, and
also disabilities of an autistic child. Then the research conducted by Mu’minah (2008). She found that
there are some kinds of language disorder which is uttered by Bill Porter namely articulation
disorder, phonological disorder, voice disorder, and stuttering disorder.
The present study is quite different from the
previous study above; either the theory used or the object of the study. This research uses
Carroll’s theory about expressive language disorder because this theory is relevant to answer the
research problems.
1.2 Research Problems Based on the description of the background of
the study above,the formulated research problems
are as follows: 1. What are the kinds of linguistic
disorderproduced by a stuttered character in the movie A Fish Called Wanda? 2. How
is the linguistic disorder produced by a stuttered character in the movie A
Fish Called Wanda? 1.3 Objectives of the Study The objectives of the study of this research
are: 1.
to identify the linguistic disorder produced by a stuttered character in
the movie A Fish Called Wanda.
2. to describe how linguistic disorder is
produced by a stuttered character in the movie A Fish Called Wanda.
1.4 Significance of the Study This study is expected to give positive
contribution both theoretically and practically.
Theoretically, this research can
give an important contribution to the application of psycholinguistics studying. Practically, this
research study canbe used to those who are studying psycholinguistics. Then, it can be
used as knowledge from those who communicate with stutter people. The last practical
significant is that this study can help next researchers when they are going to have a research in this
area.
1.5 Scope and Limitation In order to make this research manageable, the
scope of this study is set on psycholinguistics
study on language disorderof a stuttered character in the movie A Fish Called Wanda.
This study is limited to one of
the main characters, namely Ken as a stuttered character in the movie A Fish Called Wandawhich is a 1988
comedy film written by John Cleese and Charles
Crichton and directed by Charles Crichton and John Cleese (uncredited), and
starring Cleese, Jamie Lie Curtis, Kevin
Kline and Michael Palin. Then this research uses Carroll’s theory about language disorder that deals with
the research to answer the questions in the research problems which will be presented in
the next chapter. The last, this study does not research about perceptive disorder and the
treatment of the stutterer.
ion� � m h hK� �O�
Al-Qur’an as strategy for effective argument
and persuasion used by Khotib. While Zakiyah Umami(2008) observed the way of argument that are used by
Bishop in the text of Sermon by using
Toulmin and Aristotles model. She found three appeals of Bishop’s Sermon. They are logical appeal, ethical
appeal, and emotional appeal. The similarity
between the previous researches and the present study is the way arguments are used by the speakers.
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