CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
This
chapter includes background of the study, research problems, objectives of the study, significance of the
study,scope and limitation, and definition
of the key terms.
1.1 Background of the Study Song is
one of the literary works that is interesting to listen. Song consists of a number of lyrics which set to the music
and intended to be sung. A song is relatively
short musical composition for the human voice commonly accompanied by other musical instruments, which features
words (lyric) song is a poem set to music
and intended to be sung (Oxford, 1989: 1912).
Song has many functions, song can be used in a
variety of ways. Song can be used in the
medical field as a source of research and as a sort of therapy as well. Song has an amazing power to influence
man`s emotions and behavior. It has been
found to affect and stimulate many different parts of the brain and body.
Song can reduce stress, aid
relaxation, alleviate depression, and help store and recall information among other functions.
Music is one of the best relaxation therapies
in today’s times of depression. The stress-buster effects of soothing music are well known. William Congreve stated
that "song has the charms to soothe
the savage beast". Stress is reduced throughsong (listening music) by decreasing the amount of the hormone cortisone
released in the body (Salcedo, 2002: 74).
From the functions above it is
shown that human beings can find many advantages
from the song. This inspires the researcher to study about song, but in different point of view. The researcher wants
to study song from linguistic point of
view. Linguistic point of view especially discourse analysis here means about how the song can relate each other (from one
lyric to another lyric) and how the song
has unity from one lyric to another lyric. As stated by Badudu in Ariyanto (2001) discourse is the sequence of sentence
which is interrelated each other (Wacana
adalah rentetan kalimat yang saling berkaitan). Furthermore, the instrument to relate and to unite from one
lyric toanother lyric in discourse analysis
is called cohesion. According to Halliday and Hasan cohesion is divided into two kinds, they are grammatical and
lexical cohesion. But in this present study
the researcher just focuses on lexical cohesion.
Lexical Cohesion is a group of words which is
lexically cohesive when all of the words
are semantically related; for example,when they all concern the same topic (Halliday and Hasan, 1976). Lexical
cohesion can also form relational patterns
in text in a way that links sentences to create an overall feature of coherence with the audience, sometimes
overlapping with other cohesion features.
The understanding of how the
content of sentences is linked helps to identify the central information in texts by means of a
possiblesummary. This allows judgments
on what the text is about.
Lexical cohesion has two functions: first, to
link between word and word, phrase and
phrase within a text then it can dividedagain like to indicate a repetition, to indicate synonym, to indicate
hyponym, to indicate metonym, and to indicate
antonym; second, it is used to indicate co-occurrence of words in which their meaning related in the same environment,
(Halliday and Hasan, 1976).
From the functions of lexical cohesion above
the researcher wants to analyze the text
in the form of songs lyric. Lexical cohesions always appear in the songs. In the songs often used repetition,
synonym,antonym, imagery, etc in words
or sentence. From the phenomena above the researcher wants to analyze lexical cohesion used in song lyric.
Therefore, lexical cohesion is the related instrument to those phenomena. By analyzing
lexicalcohesion the researcher will know
the kinds and the functions of lexical cohesion used in the songs especially avenged sevenfold’ song. Furthermore, lexical
cohesion which consists of reiteration
and collocation is very essential in order to get deep understanding in song.
This study deals with song especially avenged
sevenfold’s song. This study also
related with previous study which is conducted by Arisanti (2005) focused on discourse analysis on grammatical
cohesion and lexical cohesion on Anand
Krishna’s ”soul quest journey from death to immortal” she found four kinds of grammatical cohesion they are:
substitution, ellipsis, reference, and conjunction,
while in lexical cohesion she found repetition and collocation. Then by Rahmawati (2006) focused on lexical
cohesion found in Letto’s songs, she found
repetition, metonymy, synonymy, hyponymy, antonym and collocation.
The relationship between previous
study and this study is both of previous study and this study used Halliday and Hasan theory,
moreover all those research investigated
about lexical cohesion. The significant difference in previous study with this study is the researcher uses
Halliday andHasan’s theory to classify lexical
cohesion in the lyric of avenged sevenfold’s song, but the researcher needs supporting theory from Guy Cook’s theory to
classify it.
Avenged’s songs are chosen in this study
because avenged sevenfold’s lyric
different from other English song, the words use longer than others and many lexical cohesion is applied in those
song. Avenged sevenfold shows their genius
by writing about interesting topics in theirsong. Topics such as war in Iraq (MIA), the soldiers (Gunslinger), love (dear
god), sin (afterlife), and psychotic murders
(A Little Piece of Heaven) are commonly inspired their song. The next reason of choosing avenged sevenfold in this
study because the previous study used
Indonesian song and novel as their object of research indeed different with this study. But this study used English songs
whichused difficult words indeed this
study needs carefulness and more difficult to analyze it.
Considering the reason above it is very
important for the researcher to conduct
this research which focused on two kinds oflexical cohesion namely reiteration and collocation found in the
lyrics of avenged sevenfold’s songs.
1.2 Research Problems of the
Study Based on the background of the
study above, the researcher intends to answer
these questions: 1). What are kinds of lexical cohesions found in the lyrics of
Avenged Sevenfold’s songs? 2. What are the functions of lexical cohesions
found in the lyrics of Avenged Sevenfold’s
songs? 1.3 Objectives of the Study Referring to the research problem above, the
objectives of the study are 1). To
identify the kinds of lexical cohesion usedin the lyrics of Avenged Sevenfold’s songs 2). To describe the functions of lexical
cohesion used in the lyrics of Avenged Sevenfold’s
songs.
1.4 Significance of the Study It is
believed that the result of the study will give both theoretical and practical contribution. Theoretically, the
result of this study is expected to be useful
and meaningful to the discourse analysis study. Practically, it is expected that this study will be useful for the
lecturer andthe students of UIN Malang, especially
for English. For English lecturer this study is provided in order to enrich the teaching materials in the learning
and teaching of lexical cohesion.
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