CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
This chapter includes background of the study,
statement of the problems, objectives of the study, significance of the study,
scope and limitation, research method, research design, data sources, data
collection, data analysis and definition of the key terms.
1.1 Background of the Study Literature
is a part of art which use the words as the media. Literature is closely
related to life because it is the work created and enjoyed by human being.
According to Wellek (1965:15)
literary work is a result of literature, a creature activity, and a work of
art. W.J. Long (1945:8) states that literature is the experiences of life in the
world of truth and beauty. It is the written record of mas spirit of emotion,
thought, and inspiration, it is the history of human soul. Literature helps us
to understand human sentiment, interest and problem.
There are three kinds of
literature, there are poetry, drama, and prose. All of them have their own
characteristics and structures. In this research, the researcher chooses the
branch of prose, novel, to be analyzed. According to the Oxford English dictionary
a novel is
a fictious prose narrative or
tale of considerable length in which characters
and actions representative of the real life of past or present times are portrayed
in a plot of more or less complexity In the novel there are settings,
characters, plot, symbol and theme, all of them are part of the novel that
makes the novel real When we are reading the novel we can imagine the setting,
the characteristics of each character and also feel what the character feel in
the novel. For the researcher, reading a novel is like entering another world
and be another person, be the character in the novel.
From the novel we can see the
world. There are happiness, hatred, love, affection, revenge and many other
sides of life. Through the novel, the reader can learn and know about anything.
The reader can learn history from historical novel and see the life of the th century from the novel that written and
published at that time.
In this research, the researcher
takes a novel which was written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, the title is A Study
in Scarlet. This novel, A Study in
Scarlet, published in 1887 in United Kingdom. The novel, most of them, takes
love, friendship, or pursuit of happiness story as a theme but in this novel, A
Study in Scarlet, the writer took an extraordinary theme which is rarely used
as a theme. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle took crime as a theme in the novel A Study
in Scarlet.
This novel tells about a murder
case in a derelict house in Brixton, England with the word "RACHE"
written in blood on the wall beside the body. Then, it is a job of Sherlock
Holmes, the detective in the novel, to break the case and find the murderer.
This novel is different with other mystery detective novel. In many other detective story novels the writer did not
explain about the life background of the murderer or the criminal. They just
focused on the trick of the murderer in committing a murder and the story of
the detective to find the murderer.
In this novel, A Study in
Scarlet, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle as the writer tells more about the life
background of the criminal in the second chapter so the reader can understand
the reason of the criminal to commit a murder.
The researcher takes this novel
because the researcher found a problem that need to be explained more. The
problem is about the criminality inside the novel. The researcher starts to ask
about why the people in the novel do the crime.
So, the researcher decided to analyze the criminal behavior in the novel
A Study in Scarlet.
Another reason of the researcher
to take this problem to be analyzed is because the crime and murder seems to
increase lately. There are always news of crime in the TV, newspapers and other
media. The researcher thinks that it is important to analyze about why the
people commit a crime in order to reduce the crime.
In this research, the researcher
will explain about the crimes that appear in the novel, the murder, the reason
of the murderer in committing a crime. The researcher focuses more on the
character of the murderer in the novel because the point of this novel is the
murderer problem. But, the researcher also explains the crimes that appear in
the novel because there are so many crimes in the novel that needs to be explained.
In this research, the
researcher use psychological approach to analyze the crime behavior in the
novel. The researcher uses criminal psychology, a branch of psychological
approach, because the researcher analyzes the criminality inside the novel.
Moreover, the researcher uses the general theory of crime to explain the crime behavior
of the character in the novel A Study in Scarlet.The uniqueness of this research
is this research analyzes the character of the criminal in the detective story
novel. As the reader know that most of people or researcher chooses any other
types of novel as a source to be analyzed. There is so rare who takes the
detective story novel as a source in the thesis. Furthermore, the researcher
takes the crime to be analyzed which is also rare taken as a title. There was just
one researcher who took this focus as a thesis, she is Ilfa Nur Ubayya who analyzes
Crime in the Victorian Age in Charles Dickens Oliver Twist.
Oliver Twist and the researcher
takes a novel which was written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, A Study in Scarlet.
Another difference is the analyzed problem. The researcher analyzes the crime
behavior of the character in the novel, but Ilfa Nur Ubayya analyzed the crime in
the Victorian era which appears in the novel Oliver Twist.
The researcher hopes that this
research will help the reader understand the novel, A Study in Scarlet,
especially the criminal behavior in the novel.
1.2 Statement of the Problems Based on the explanation above, the researcher
divide the problems that wants to analyze as follow: 1. What are the crimes that appear in the novel
A Study in Scarlet? 2. What are the
reasons of the criminal to commit the crime? 3. What
is the difference between criminal and people who are never commit a crime? 1.3
Objectives of the Study Based on the problems above, the aims of the study are
as follows: 1. to find the crimes that
appear in the novel A Study in Scarlet 2. to explain the reason/s of the criminal in
the novel A Study in Scarlet for commits a murder.
3. to explain the difference between criminal
and people who are never commit a crime.
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