CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
This chapter discusses the
introduction that is used in this research; it consists of background of the
study, problem of the study, objectives of the study, scope and limitation,
significance of the study, and definition of the key terms.
1.1 Background of the Study Horn (2007) in the
book of “The Handbook of Pragmatics” describes the implicature is a component
of speaker meaning that constitutes an aspect of what is meant in the speaker’s
utterance without being part of what is said. It means that we can share and do
conversation to someone else as implicitly. This case is also explained in the
holy Qur’an. Allah SWT said in the holy Qur’an, surah albaqarah in the verse
235: No guilt shall be on you in the indication of an engagement to women [148]
of what you suppress [149] in yourself. Allah knows that you will remember
them, but do not promise them secretly unless you speak kind words [150] (only
at indication).
And do not resolve on the knot of
marriage until the waiting has reached its term.
1 And know that Allah knows what is in your
hearths. So be cautions of Him. And know that Allah in the forgiver. The
clement (Al-Baqarah;235). [148] the women who her husband was died and
still waiting for 100 days.
[149] women who can be engaged by
teasing allusion are the women who her husband was died or bain divorce,
whereas the women who are waiting because of raji’i divorce not allowed.
[150] good teasing allusion words.
The good words in the meaning of
holy Qur`an surah al-baqarah in the verse 235 is the word that can be accepted
by moral value in society. Those are the utterances that are accepted as
something good in society. Those are prudent, correct, respectful, pleasant,
and appropriate with norm and logic. By understanding about the content of
surah al-baqarah in the verse 235 we can take conclusion that a good utterance
is the utterance which is used and pronounced in good expressing. This
utterance also must be appropriate with the norm in order to make easier in
understanding.
The term implicature is what is
created by speaker to receiver as brief and clear. It is the effort in compressing meaning, so
the utterance that is pronounced will be shorter and more efficient.
Implicature is also as ‘planning utterance’. For example, in a conversation
with a candidate of parent in law, indirectly we must arrange the utterances so
that as indirectly it will be clear and well mannered.
Why indirectly? Because of this
indirectly, we said this implicature. This explanation about the implicature
appropriates with the meaning of holy Qur`an al-Baqarah in the verse 235 that
we have to be clear in speaking. Other interpretation of implicature is
anything that is inferred from an utterance but what is not a condition for the
truth of the utterance. On the other hand, what is said is not necessary what
is meant. In the book of Discourse Analysis written by Brown and Yule (1989:
31) explains that the term implicature is used by Grice (1975) to account for
what a speaker can impl y, suggest, or mean, as distinct from what the speaker
literally says. The language used is often contextual and interpretable. On the
other hand, it has implied and intended meaning. As a brief account of how the
term implicature is used in discourse analysis, in Grice’s article under the
title “Logic and Conversation” in the book of “The Discourse Reader” edited by
Adan and Nikolas (1996: 67) the implicatures are pragmatic aspects of meaning
and have certain identifiable characteristics.
They are partiall y divided from
the conventional or literary meaning of an utterance, produced in a specific
context, which is shared by the speaker and the hearer.
The theory of implicature is the
one particularly used to analyze word and utterance. In the book of “The
Discourse Reader” edited by Adam and Nikolas (1996: 67) Grice divided
implicature into conventional and conversational implicature, who further
distinguished conversational implicature into generalized and particularized
implicature.
A study of implicature is always
interesting to learn, where language (spoken or written language) and context
are inseparable. In spoken language, such as conversation, the language used is
often contextual and inseparable, for example,
the transcript of the film made from the situations that happen in this time,
and it can be interpreted.
Egoprakoso (2009) in his article
“Pengertian Film” explains that film is a form of entertainment that makes a
story by a sequence of images giving the illusions of continuous movement. Film
is also as the description of the reality where we use language to communicate
with each other. The Devil Wears Prada is the drama film
released on June 30, 2006. This film shows us the responsibility and enthusiasm
in working. The most interesting of this film is the story that describes our
reality. In daily life, we cannot be separated from all the things, which
called as brand. It is the first thing that we see in buying something,
especially clothes. Fashion and magazine are the best couple in making people
keeps alive. Magazine gives a description of next fashion then we copy to
practice in reality. The Devil Wears Prada is the film of fashion magazine
called Runway. It is the biggest fashion magazine in United Stated. It gives
information about the latest style of Prada (High class of brand from Italy) and
other brand. One thing needed most of all, in the big company saving big problem
also, either staff or society outside. They will produce much technical term in
talking or insulting someone. That is all about fashion only. The technical term
that can be a new style in producing implicatures.
This study focuses on the
implicature used in the Devil Wears Prada film.
This study has relation to the
previous research on the same field. Laila (2004) in her study focused on the
implicatures of Islamic Javanese songs used by people in Sisir-Batu, Istifadah (2005) in her study
focused on the implicatures on the opinions used in the Jakarta Post, and
Rahmawati (2006) in her study focused on implicature in Danielle stell’s
kaleidoscope In the real life, we cannot be separated from our requirement to
use language to communicate. However not all utterances in communication are
clear, there some utterance is implied. Speaker usually imply the meaning of
the utterance when they insinuating each other. This condition can be found in
the companies or offices. They do that as the expression of like or dislike to
the person. In the Devil Wears Prada film there are many implicature can be found.
Unharmonious of the staff at that
office, produce many implied sentences as the expression to humiliating each
other. The implicature of conversation need more exploration. Implicature used
in business especially in fashion can be more various than implicature used in
general situation. This condition can be found in the Devil Wears Prada film.
The reason above is the idea of the researcher to do research on discourse
analysis by the title ‘the use of implicatures in the Devil Wears Prada
film.’ 1.2
Problem of the Study Based on the background of the study elaborate
previously, the problems of this study are formulated as follows: 1. What
kinds of implicature are found in Devil Wears Prada film? 2. How does implicature occur in Devil Wears
Prada? 1.3 Ojectives of the Study Concerning the problem
mentioned above, the purposes of the study are to: 1.
Find out the implicatures used in the Devil Wears Prada film.
s usef& � o @c� hK� er or
lecturer who wants to learn more about intimate
language, as the subjects in this study include actors in the movie. From institutional point of view, the result of
this study will be useful for students who are interested in studying more about intimate
language.
the researcher focuses only on the intimate language, produced in Camp Rock movie. The
intimate language data are also limited
because they are taken only from one movie. In analyzing the use of intimate language, this research describes the
intimate expressions and the purpose of
using it in that movie.
1.6 Definition of Key Terms There are a number of
terms which should be defined in this study.
a. Intimate language It is a kind of language
used among close friends or family. This language uses some private codes, short words,
and with unclear articulation. It happens
because both participants share idea (Joos in Chaer, 2004:70).
b. Camp Rock This is a movie telling about the
romantic musical drama. It is an audition
to find a singing partner. This is a teenage drama using some special languages of teenagers. Intimate
languages are also expressed in this
movie: between the main characters and their family, also with their friends.
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE This
chapter covers definitions and theories related to the intimate language and the supporting theory help answer
the research problems.
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