CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
This
chapter covers background of the study, problemsof thestudy, object of the study,significance of the study, scope
and limitation, and definition of the key
terms. All sections which have beenmention above will be discussed as follow: 1.1. Background of the Study People as human being created by God have
strength and weakness. One of weakness
is making errors. People as human being are inseparable from making error. It means that making error
cannot be avoided by every person in daily
life. People can make errors in different ways. For example, when they are talking, writing or make a perception.In
reading, speaking and writing, people use language as tool of communication. Reading is
a one of communication form using language. In reading, people could make
errors in making perception of certain
statement because somefactors. This is because every language has certain roles or structure as component.
In reading literary works,
sometimes we get difficulties in comprehending the works orfacing misunderstanding in
interpreting the messages as likein the dialogue
of the play. As Cook (1989: 59) states that dialogue is one of the fundamental structuring principles ofall
discourse written and spoken alike. To analyze
the play text, the theory of deixis is chosen because deixis is usedto point thing in order to make clear what a writer
means.
2 The researcher chooses the Devil and Daniel
Webster play text to be analyzed
especially in the supportingcharacters because the researcher assumed that in the Devil and Daniel Webster play text
there are kinds of deixis which can be
analyzed. And, this play text is categorized as old text, because there are
some words considering difficult to be understood. Besides, the researcher
concludes that supporting characters
have an important role in the story. These characters may not seem very important, but usually we
would notice it if we were (watch a movie)
again, and they were not there. Usually the change would be drastically.
Knowing more about literature can
be obtained fromthe authors and their works.
There are many good authors and one of themis Stephen Vincent Benet who wrote The Devil and Daniel Webster. Benet
was an American poet, novelist, and
short story writer. He won the 1929 Pulitzer Prize for “John’s Brown Body”, the epic Civil War poemthat recounts John
Brown’s 1859 raid on Harper’s Ferry, and
his novels include The Beginning of Wisdom (1921), Young People’s Pride (1922) and James Shore’s Daughters (1934).
Beginning in the 1930 Benet worked occasionallyin
Hollywood, but he was primarily a poet and short story writer; his last collection of poems, Western Starwon hima
second Pulitzer in 1944. His short story
“The Sobbin Women” was the basis for the musical Seven Brides for Seven Brothers (1954). Over the nextdecade,
Benet’s reputation was built principally
on his short stories, most notably The Devil and Daniel Webster, a retelling of the Faust legend in decidedly
American terms, encompassing the history
and legends surrounding the American Revolution and the post-Andrew Jackson era; the piece was just as popular and
successful as John Brown’s Body 3 had been. Benet, however, remains one of the
most fascinating literary figures of the
early th century, and the continued
popularity of the movies adapted from his work.
Universities students have done
the studies of discourse analysis from different perspectives. There are some
researchers who studies on the samefield.
Hasanah (2004) discussed deixis
ofheadlines published by Kompas during general
election 2004. Wahyuningtyas (2004) studies deixis of advertisement published in The Jakarta Post. In addition,
Khoirot (2005) investigated deixis on Romeo
and Juliet novel by WilliamShakespeare. Moreover, Hana (2006) studied of deixis used in Garfield comic strips in The
Jakarta Post.
Based on these previous studies,
wehave known that there are many researchers
who have investigated on the samefield, but they have different objects. However, in this research, the
researcher takes a literary work, namely ‘The Devil and Daniel Webster’ play text in
order to comprehend of the communication
in English. In this study, the researcher will analyze ‘The Devil and Daniel Webster’ play text using five kinds
of deixis theory proposed by Levinson.
4 1.2.Problems of the Study Based on the background of the study in the
preceding discussion the following
research problems are formulated as follow: 1. What
kinds of deixis are used in ‘The Devil and Daniel Webster” play text? 2. How is deixis used in “The Devil and Daniel
Webster” play text? 1.3.Objectives of the Study In accordance with the problemof the study
above, this study explain the descriptive
knowledge of deixis in ‘The Devil and Daniel Webater’ play text by Stephen Vincent Benet.
1.4.Significance of the Study This study is quite important because it is
needed both theoretically and practically.
Theoretically, the result ofthisstudy are expected to be useful and give a new information to the deixis theory
especially about the kinds of deixis which
used in The Devil and Daniel Webster play text.
Practically, the findings ofthis
studywill givecontribution for lecturers and the students of UIN Malang, especiallyat
English Department who want to know.
This research is expected to be able to add the knowledge in understanding the kinds of deixis used in The Devil and
Daniel Webster pay text deeply.This research
is also hoped to be a new literature and reference for the lecturers who teach discourse analysis and the lecturers are
able to motivate the students to learn about
the language use pragmatically. Finally, this research is expected to be able 5 to
give contribution for readers who are interestedin this study and it will be
the alternative reference for the
readers who are interested inresearching in this area.
1.5.Scope and Limitation of the
Study The scope of this research is
deixis theory based on Stephen C. Levinson which consist of five types of deixis namely
person, place, time, discourse and social
deixis. The researcher limits on the dialogue of the supporting characters in ‘The Devil and Daniel Webster’ play text
published by Stephen Vincent Benet which
has 30 pages.
1.6.Definition of the Key Terms The definitions of the following key terms are
provided in order to avoid misunderstanding
and misinterpretation to the key termof this study. The definitionsare: 1.
Discourse analysis is the search for discourse coherence of language in
use for communication.
2. Deixis is reference by means of an expression
whose interpretation is relative to the
(usually) extra linguisticcontext of the utterance.
3. The Devil and Daniel Webster is a short story
by Stephen Vincent Benet.
This retelling ofthe classic
German Faust tale centers on a New Hampshire
farmer who sells his soul to the devil and defended by Daniel Webster.
4. Stephen Vincent Benet was an American poet,
novelist and short story writer, the
author of the famous story “The Devil and Daniel Webster” (1973).
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