CHAPTER I INTRODUCTIO
This chapter discusses about background of the
study, research problem, and objectives of the study, significance of the
study, scope and limitation, and definition of the key term. 1.1
Background of the Study The meaning: There is a man who likes to wear beautiful
cloth and sandal. Then, the messenger of God spoke, “For God is a beautiful
substance and fond of something beautiful”… (HR. Muslim in http://chowvidkeren.blogs.friendster.com/my_blog/2007/04/ikhwan_metrosek.ht
ml ) The above hadist told that God loves beauty in
all live aspects. Beauty means quality or state of being beautiful (Manser,
1995: 32). It is the result of three requisites: integrity or perfection,
harmony and clarity (Aquinas in http://ndreh.2itb.com/contact.html). However,
harmony is needed in a text to make the reader easy in understanding it by
having cohesion.
Cohesion is one of the criteria
making a sequence of sentence constitutes as a text. Renkema (1993: 34-35)
proposes that there are seven criteria that sequence of sentences must meet in
order to qualify as a text, such as cohesion, coherence, intentionality,
acceptability, informativeness, situationally, and intertextuality. In
addition, cohesion holds an important role in creating a text because it helps to create a text. As Halliday
and Hassan (1976:298) assert that cohesion helps to create text. Cohesion can
be achieved by cohesion devices.
Furthermore, Sugianto (2000: 21)
states that cohesion devices will help the listeners or readers in interpreting
a piece of a text or discourse. However, film script is also considered as a text.
Jahn (2003) asserts that film script is a text containing a film’s action
narrative and dialogue. A film script is either a recipe for making a film or a
written record of a finished film. It holds an important role both to the actor
involved in the process of performance of the film and the movie goer. To the
actor involved in the process of performance of the film, it helps them to
inspire their role. While to the movie goer, it helps them to understand the
story of the film.
Related to genre, film is both
narrative and performative genre. It is assumed that film is a performative
genre that comes to life in performance. Jahn (2003) states that a film is a
multimedia narrative form based on physical record sound and moving pictures.
Like watching a play, watching a film is a collective public experience and
social occasion. Since film is a narrative genre, it is related to a textual
form. Thus, film analysis can build on the interesting relationship between
text and performance just like in drama analysis. However, analyzing film in
term of its language use is an interesting study, since film provides real life
setting portrayed through sound and moving pictures. Therefore, the researcher will make a
research concerns with cohesion devices in the script of Casino Royale
film. Casino Royale film is chosen as research
subject because of several consideration. First, the actor of this film is a
famous actor and the actor, Daniel Craig, is the best Bond in the franchise’s
history. Then, this film is one of the films that come into ‘Box Office’.
Daniel Craig’s first James Bond film, Casino Royale, is doing remarkably
successful around the world at the box office (Zidel: 2007). While based on linguistic consideration, this
film chosen since the researcher assumes that it is found cohesion devices
expressed by the main character. By these reasons, script of Casino Royale film
is chosen as the data of this research. Casino Royale is an interesting film.
Actually, Casino Royale is a place where James Bond ,the main character,
playing poker with his enemy, Le Chiffre.
Casino Royale introduces James
Bond before he holds his license to kill. But Bond is no less dangerous and
with two professional assassinations in quick succession, he is elevated to “OO”
status. “M”, one who takes him to Madagascar, the Bahamas and eventually leads
him to Montenegro to face Le Chiffre, a ruthless financier under threat from
his terrorist clientele, who is attempting to restore his funds in a high
stakes poker games at the Casino Royale. “M” places Bond under the watchful eye
of the Treasury official Vesper Lynd. At first skeptical of what value Vesper
can provide, bond’s interest in her deepens as they brave danger together. Le
Chiffre’s cunning and cruelty come to bear on them both in a way Bond could
never imagine, and he learns his most important lesson ‘Trust no one’.
However, there are many
researchers who investigate cohesion. First, is Khotimah (2003) who
investigates “Cohesion in Anton Checkhov’s play ‘The Boor’”. Second is
Rahmawati (2003) who investigates “Cohesion on the Headline News of Voa
Indonesia.com”. Third is Agustine who investigates “Cohesion used in
advertisement Published in The Jakarta Post”. The last is Muniro (2005) who investigates
“Cohesion and Coherence Used in the Two Text of ‘Cermin Eksploitasi Advertiser’
and ‘Marketable vs. Nilai-Nilai of Prokon Aktifis’ in Jawa Pos Newspaper”.
Different from the previous study
above, this research analyzes the use of cohesive devices in the script of
Casino Royale Film, since there has been no study about cohesive devices in
Casino Royale Film’s script. In short, it is meaningful and interesting to
study about cohesive devices in script of Casino Royale film because script
film holds an important role to the movie goer. As movie goers, English
learners who want to know a good model of speaking can imitate the utterances
expressed by the characters in a film, particularly Casino Royale film, by watching
it. In addition, there are many people
who are interested in Casino Royale film. The language in the film is various.
It is found idiom, politeness strategy and cohesion devices. But, the most
common expressed is cohesive devices. Hence, this research focuses on cohesive
devices.
In this research the researcher
focuses on the utterances expressed by the main character of Casino Royale
film, since the main character is a character involved from the early up to the
end of the film. Thus, by knowing the cohesive devices in the utterances
expressed by the main character we will know the cohesive devices in the utterances expressed
by the supporting character, since cohesive devices have presupposed item.
1.2 Research Problem Based on the
background of the study above, the problems of the study are: 1. What
are the types
of cohesive devices
expressed by the
main character of Casino Royale film? 2. What are
the functions of cohesive devices expressed by the main character of Casino Royale film? 1.3 Objectives of the Study Concerning with
the previous problem of the study, the objectives of the study are: 1. To identify the types of cohesive devices
expressed by the main character of Casino Royale film.
2. To identify the functions of cohesive devices
expressed by the main character of Casino Royale film.
1.4 Significance of the Study Theoretically,
this research gives a valuable finding to the field of discourse studies.
Practically, it is dedicated to provide information for the linguistics
students of English department in the cohesion study, particularly in the film
script since it includes spoken discourse. Moreover, it is expected to give valuable
finding to English learner. Hopefully, they could pay attention to the use of them in practicing speaking. Furthermore, this study is also expected to
be a useful reference for the next students who will investigate this area.
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