CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Analysis Literature is a term used to describe a spoken
or written material. This term is used
to describe anything fromcreative writing to more technical or scientific work. It includes work ofpoetry,
drama, fiction, and non-fiction.
Literature is also an expression
of emotion, passion, feeling of the writer towards the life, society, experience,and politic. in
this case literature represents a language,
people, culture, tradition, and historical.
Most of people always ask why we
have to read a literature. Then now we are
going to see the advantage of reading literature. There are so many advantages we get by reading literature. The first is to
appreciate the contributions literature has
made to history, the second is to see the tragedy, then to explore other
cultures and beliefs, to appreciate why
individuals are the way they are, to help us see ourselves as others do, to learn better ways
to behave, and the last is to further our mastery language.
Edgar V. Roberts in Literature:
An Introduction to Reading or Writing.
Fourth Edition (1995:1),
“literature helps usgrow, both personally and intellectually. It provides an objective base
for knowledge and understanding. It links
us with the broader cultural, philosophic, and religious world of which we are a part. It enables us to recognize human
dreams and struggles in different places
and times that we would never otherwise know. It helps us develop mature sensibility and compassion for the condition
of all living things-human, animal, and
vegetable. It gives us the knowledge and perception to appreciate the beuty of order and arrangement, just a well-structured
song or a beutifully painted canvas can.
It provides the comparative basis from which we can see worthiness in the aims of all people, and it therefore helps us
see beuty in the world around us. It exercises
our emotions through interest, concern, tension, excitement, hope, fear, regret, laughter, and sympathy. Through our
cumulative experience in reading, literature
shapes our goals and values by
clarifying our own identities-both positively,
through acceptance of the admirable in human beings, and negatively, through rejection of the sinister. It enables
us to develop a perspective on events occuring
locally and globally, and thereby it gives us understanding and control. It encourages us to assist creative, tallented
people who need recogition and support.
It is one of the shaping
influences of life. Literature makes us human.” Holman (1980 : 209) “ Genre: A term used in
literary criticism to designate the
distinct types or categories into which literary works are grouped according to form or technique or, sometimes,
subject matter. The term comes from
French, where it means "kind" or " type." In its customary
application, it is used loosely, since
the varieties of literary "kinds " and the principles on which they are made are numerous. The traditional
genres include such "kinds" as tragedy, comedy, epic, lyric, pastoral. today
a division of literature into genres would
also include novel, short story, essay and perhaps television play and motion picture scenario.” Literature can be
divided into three genres, they are prose,
drama, and poetry. Prose derives from the latin word ‘prosa’, means ‘straightforward’. Prose includes novel, short
stories, romances, essays, and so on.
Drama derives from the Greek word ‘dran’which
means ‘to do’ or ‘to act’. Drama is
performed on a stage. Poetry derives etymologically from the Greek word ‘poiesis’ which means ‘a making, forming,
creating (in words), or the art of poetry,
or a poem’. As quoted from Lee A. Jacobus (1996 : 3) states that literature can be grouped into three genres, namely
poetry, drama, and prose.
In this thesis, the writer uses
novel entitled The Color Purple as a source data. The transformation of Celie’s character
is going to be analyzed in the novel.
Characterization in the novel can
be divided into 2 type, they are round character and flat character. Round character is a
character in a work of fiction who encounters
conflict and is changed by it, while flat character is a character in a work of fiction who doesn’t undergo
substantial change or growth in the course of a story. Thus, Celie’s character is kind of
round character. The author changes Celie’s
character influenced by other characters in her living.
The color purpleis written by a
Black American woman Alice Walker and published
in 1983, but it is written in 1982. The novel focuses the female black life during 1930 in rural. The color purpletells
story of Cellie, a black young woman who
writes a letter to God in which she tells about her life- her roles as daughter, wife, sister, and also tells the
story of her life ranging from the trauma of sexual abuse as a child to her true happiness
and independence as an adult.
Throughout the book, Celie
undergoes an inner transformation from a submissive, abused wife to an unabashedly confident and
independent black woman and businesswoman.
The first chapter of The Color Purple introduces an uneducated, fourteen years old girl who is oppressed from
freely expressing her thoughts. The novel
opens with a warning: " You better not never tell nobody but God. It'd
kill your
mammy" (1). This threatening statement introduces a "long
pain-stricken letters" addressed to
God about the sexual abuses from her stepfather. Celie is afraid to tell anyone about her rape and
isalmost voiceless at this point of the novel.
All of her sufferings make her to besilent, and invisible. Lack of
selfconfidence, ugly, and poor girl are alsoher character before meeting other characters inspiring her.
Another example we can see from
the style of writing in the color purple that use a diary style of main
character. The words and stucture of sentence built does not show an educated person. For example,
Cellie writes in her diary, “I ast him
to take me instead of Nettie while our new mammy sick. But he just ast me that I’m talking bout.” Then another example
is, “I say marry him, Nettie, and try to
have one good year out your life. After that, i know she be big.” Later, we can
see the transformation of Celie, she
writes better than before, We can see it from the letter she writes. “Mr. __ try to act like
he don’t careI’m going. You’ll be back,
he say. Nothing up for nobody like you. Shug got talent, he say. She can sing...” Andrews, (2001:414) says “ in 1982, she
stepped across the line of a highly
forbidden taboo with her portrayal of*Cellie in the *Color Purple. This novel examines not only “black-on-black”
ooppression but alsoincest, bisexual love,
and lesbian love. Written in epistolary form, Walkers third novel exposses the internal turmoil parenting the spiritual
decay of African American woman who,
like the novel’s protagonist, silently endure abusive male-dominated relationships.” In this quotation Andrews
shows Celie’s character in the first time, as a result from her suffering.
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