CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Study
Words are the leaves of
the tree of language, of which, if some fall away, a new succession takes their place.
(John French) In daily life human being as a social creature
cannot live individually. They certainly
need communication to express their existence, opinion, ideas, and to influence others for his need. Human is
instinctively urged to have relationship among of them. For this human needs language
as communication tools.
The use of language as a means of
communication, either in oral and written
form, has varieties according to the knowledge of language competence by the users. If one has a good competence, he
can communicate with others well and fluently.
On the contrary, if one has a bad competence, he cannot communicate well and fluently. But normally human being hoped
to become a good speaker, listener and
writer as well. Those are some expressions of language that is used in daily
life.
It can only be reached by
studying and practicing process. This process is found in school learning process and also in our daily
communication During the communication, it is so important to analyze how the
speakers express his expressions so that
listener can understand the meaning of what the speaker certainly means with his utterances.
As we know, meaning is the important part
of the language, because it is not language if it has no meaning. Meaning as
the goal of language is to give
information directly or indirectly. In this case directly, it means how the hearer can understand what the
speaker says and indirectly, it means listener
need to interpretive what the speaker says. The term of this problem is Semantics, which means a study of meaning. To
know the intend of speaker is really needed
by the listener but we have to also know too that the speaker sometimes does not speak literally that means we need
interpret the words or sentences which is being spoken. Started from the confusing to
interpret what the speaker say, words or sentences can be divided into two namely
literal meaning and non-literal meaning.
Literal meaning is the words or
sentences that purely mean what as in the dictionary, therefore, how so easy to under stand what the
speaker say to utterance their feelings or
expressions. But beside of the literal meaning, people also use non-literal
meaning to express their utterances. It
will be easy to understand if the people use literal meaning in his utterances. On the contrary, it
is more difficult to understand if the speaker
uses non-literal meaning. The listener will get difficult to understand
nonliteral meaning because what the speaker says literally will be different in
what he intends to express the
utterances. Non-literal utterances make the problem for the listener and need
the theories to know them well without making different interpretation between the speaker and the
listener.
Someone will find it easy to
express an idea in a language if he is a master of a language. An expression of language can
make confused if he knows nothing about
it. A speaker’s utterance sometimes has more one meaning. That is why, it is necessary for everyone to know the meaning of
the speaker’s utterance either explicitly
or implicitly.
Larson (1984:38) uses the term of
implicit and explicit information. He said that implicit information is information,
which is not stated in the text; while explicit information is information which is stated by
the lexical item and grammatical form.
This means that implicit meaning
is not easy to be understood as it is heard.
Sometimes
human being uses non-literal language to convey an idea. Nonliteral language is
a language which has implicit and explicit meaning. The implicit meaning is the hidden meaning which can not be
understood literally, meanwhile, explicit
meaning is the meaning, which is just the same as it is heard.
Meaning is named as non-literal
meaning if an utterance can not be interpreted
literally. In the other words, the meaning is not what the speaker says directly, but it is still hidden and need the
interpretation to get the meaning.
Expressing an idea non-literally
can be performed in various ways such as metaphorically, ironically, and so on. In
other words we can express non-literal meaning
by using the various expressions.
Interpreting non-literal meaning
can be expressed in some kind of genre like
short story, novel, song, poems, etc. one of the important thing in non-literal
meaning is have to know the context and
the atmosphere of the sentences being expressed.
It is not easy as speaker say literally.
The term to know scientifically
non-literal meaning is figure of speech.
Figure of speech is another terms
for non-literal meaning. Theory of figure of speech is the way to know easily words or sentences.
Figure of speech requires much imagination
and needs such as, seeing, smelling, touching, feeling, and hearing in the language.
The existence of figure of speech
makes the language more effective, comprehend
and colorful. In poetry and other forms of creative writing often use figures of speech in subtle and complex way.
Non-literal meaning make the sentence more
effective. It means that the sentences can attract the reader’s attention.
Figures of speech make the sentences
more comprehensive because it can attract the readers to widen their understanding and figures of
speech make the sentences more colorful because
the sentences make the reader to be enjoyable and interested.
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