INTRODUCTION
1.1 The Background of Writing The title of this paper is The Analysis of
English Prefixes. Dealing with the topic
we may understand that it discusses about the ways of how to form new words. So, the study of forming words by
joining morphemes is Morphology. Of course
Morphology discusses the formationsof words. So it means that we cannot escape from the term language.
Language is one of the tools that
can be used by human beings to communicate.
It is a language of human beings which is non-instinctive method of communicating ideas, feelings and desires
by means of a system of sounds and sound
symbols.
The theory used to analyze the
data is morphology. The term morphology means
the study of morphemes of a language and of how they are combined to make words. Whereas morpheme is a smallest
meaning full part into which a word can
be divided.
The data were taken from written text;
therefore the method applied to analyzed
the data is from written text. Those language utterances are a part, or a product, of social behavior is a proposition
that few linguistics, if any, would challenge,
and language-utterances constitute at least one part, and obviously a very important part, of the data that
linguists should be concerned with. So regarding
the idea of William Labov in the above quotation, I the writer use the utterances of the native speakers of the Karo
language as the data for the completion
of this analysis.
Universitas Sumatera Utara 9 A language is a human phenomenon, which will
differ somewhat even from person to
person; it will differ far morefrom one place to another and from one time to another. These variations in persons,
times, and places give rise to such studies
as dialectology, linguistic geography. Historical and comparative linguistics; and, collaborating even more with
other disciplines, lexicography, the making
of dictionaries, orthography, the study of spelling, and paleography, the study of ancient text.
In the last few decade
linguistics have developed a rigorous technique for the analysis of languages, in part in reaction
against previous methods of study, particularly
philology, which was concerned chiefly with the Indo-European languages and based largely on the study of
literature, especially of written literature.
A basic principle of linguistics is that language is primarily speech; the methods of analyzing speech (such as
establishing categories by comparing “minimal
pairs”, tow locutions alike in all but one linguistic feature–cat, rat) have become relatively standardized and have been
applied to other aspects of language.
Perhaps the most difficult aspect of linguistics has been the separating (for the purposes of analysis) of linguistic
activities from the current of life in which
they appear. The words structure and structural, often applied to linguistic study (sometimes almost with a mysticalor
magical overtone), emphasize this separation.
Structural linguistics isolates the linguistic activity and stresses that despite the variety in a language there is a
system or a series of patterns which can be discovered and described by linguistic
methods and which alone are the proper subject
of linguistics.
Universitas Sumatera Utara 10 1.2 The Problem of Writing Prefixes are part of affixes. Affixes are
bound morphemes. Affixes have prefixes,
infixes, confixes, and suffixes. Affixes are part of morphology. English is as the same as other languages. In this
writing the writer wants to state his problems
deal with the prefixes. The problems are: 1) What prefixes does English have? 2) What are the distributions, forms,
functions, and meanings of the prefixes? 1.3 The Scope of Writing When we discuss the term of affixes, it means
that we will talk about the prefixes,
confixes, infixes, and suffixes. On this opportunity the writer of this paper wants to write a writing skill to be
made as a report to fulfill one of the requirements
to get his diploma from the Faculty of Culture Study of the North Sumatera University. So, if the report discuss
affixes, the volume will be to vast, therefore
he wants to limit his writing just deal with the analysis of prefixes.
1.4 The Purposes of writing There
some purposes in writing this paper, such as to finish his study from English Department of the Diploma Program of
the Faculty of Culture Study, to find
out the prefixes of English language has, the distribution of the prefixes, the
forms, the functions, and the meanings.
Universitas Sumatera Utara 11 1.5 The Method of Research When
someone wants to write a writing or a research he or she can apply variety of methods. The methods can be field
research, experiment, or library research.
The choice of methods will be dealing with the required data to be collected for analysis. The writer of this
paper will apply library research because all the required data will be taken from
written text.
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