CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
This chapter deals with
background of study, problem of study, objective of study, significant of
study, scope and limitation, and definition of key terms. Those are described
as following: 1.1.Background of the Study Allah Asks us to be patient to face
all of the misery in our life like those who passed away before us. This is
stated in verse 214 Surah Al Baqarah: 214. “Or do ye think that ye shall enter
The Garden (of Bliss) without such (trials) as came to those who passed away
before you? They encountered suffering and adversity, and where so shaken in
spirit that even the Messenger and those of faith who were with him cried:
“When (will come) the help of Allah” Ah! Verily, the help of Allah is (always)
near! (S.2 A.214) One of the
difficulties in life is communication difference, which sometimes will challenge
the patience of human being. Like in “Rain Man” movie, the autistic’s (Raymond)
young brother (Charlie), is a patient brother. In the first time, when Charlie
does not know yet about his old brother and his impairment, he forces Raymond
and he seems have no heart.
Therefore, for the first time in
his life Charlie has to learn to accept another human being for what he is, and
work with his bewildering methods of communication. Moreover, very subtly Charlie
begins to change, accepts the reality.
That Holy Qur-an verse is related with this
study. This study is about some one who has high intelligence, but has
inability to communicate with other people like normal human being. From this
verse, Allah Told us that His trials to human being actually are aimed to make
us always remember His mercy and benefit.
The ability to communicate
properly is not easy for everyone. Some people often fail to use the language,
so that language cannot work its function. Sometimes, normal people had to
communicate with those who have difficulties to communicate verbally or maybe
they are keeping misunderstanding each other.
The above description is due to
the language disorder and also because of the main reason that people cannot
ignore any impairment related to the language systems; therefore, the
researcher feels that it is necessary to study about language disorder. Language disorder may be related to other
disabilities such as mental retardation, cerebral palsy or autism. It has not
been much explored. Therefore, the awareness is still needed.
Traynor (2003) stated that one of
those language impairment that strike at human being is autism. Autism is a
developmental disorder that affects a child’s ability to interact with others,
to understand and use language and to respond to changes in his or her environment.
This phenomenon is the same with
the “Raymond” in “Rain Man” movie. He is a savant autistic person that has the
sameness and routine activities. Autistic savants are born with misfired
neurons and extraordinary gifts. Hoffman plays Raymond, an autistic savant whose
late father has left him $3 million in a trust. This gets the attention of his
materialistic younger brother, a hot-shot LA car dealer named Charlie (Tom
Cruise) who wasn' t even aware of Raymond' s existence until he read his
estranged father' s will. Raymond, the autistic character in “Rain Man” movie
lives in a world of his own and unable to express emotion in any other way, falls into a nervous tic when
feeling threatened. Therefore, for the first time in his life Charlie, his
young brother has to learn to accept another human being for what he is, and
work with his bewildering methods of communication.
In “Rain Man” movie, there are
some phenomena on speech uniqueness like repetitive stereotyped utterances,
robotic sounding speeches and ritualistic question and answer.
Whereas in normal people, those
phenomena do not happen. Therefore, it is interesting to research.
In mid of 1980’s, the media
actually electronic media have been often guilty of people with disabilities in
stereotypic and inaccurate ways. The media prejudices and stereotypes the image
of disable people as criminals and they have been punished for doing evil. It
is difficult to portray disability and society response to it. Therefore the
motion picture “Rain Man” had been released to acknowledge the society’s
stereotyped that those with impairment are also have good behavior and positive
attitudes (Kauffman: 1991).
The studies of language disorders
where some aspects of linguistic processing are impaired have been done widely
by the researchers in various field of studies. Many researchers observe some
language disorders, such as stuttering, speech act by autistic children,
expressive language disorder, etc. For example, Mukminah (2007) focused her research
on stuttering by a man with cerebral palsy in “Door to Door” film. She found
the man with cerebral palsy has some kinds of speech disorder, namely
articulation disorder, phonological disorder, voice disorder, and stuttering.
Another research was done by
Fauziyah (2004). She found that the utterances of autistic children in RSI
Dinoyo Malang does not use the comissive and declarative acts in their speech
process. Furthermore, Nafiah (2007) conducted a study focused on expressive language
disorder by the autistic character in “Mercury Rising” movie. She found that
the utterances of autistic child (Symon Lynch) have some kinds of speech and
language disorder namely phonological
disorder, articulation disorder, voice disorder, unnatural pitch/intonation,
improper stress, grumbling unclear words or sentences, etc.
Based on the explanation above,
the previous researches have been focused on the language production of
autistic children. Generally, the societies think that the autism just happen
in childhood, but actually this phenomenon also falls to the adult. Therefore, the
researcher is interested in researching “Psycholinguistic Analysis of the
Utterances Produced by an Autistic Character in Rain Man Movie”.
1.2. Problem of Study This study
is conducted to answer the question: how does the autistic character in “Rain
Man” movie produce utterances? 1.3.Objective of Study The objective of this
study is to describe the way the autistic character in “Rain Man” movie
produces utterances. The autistics have problems in the language production.
Therefore, this study is conducted
based on the basic purpose of observing the language process in the exceptional
circumstances that is in an autistic person.
1.4.Significance of Study This
study is expected to give the significant contribution on theoretical and
practical matters in order to enrich the study of psycholinguistics.
Theoretically, the findings would be useful especially related to language in
exceptional circumstances. Hopefully, it can enrich the point of view from
Psycholinguistic perspective related to speech disorder, especially on language
production by an autistic man. Practically, it can be a good reference of Psycholinguistic
researchers, especially the researchers of the area of language disorders.
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