CHAPTER I .
INTRODUCTION .
1.1 Background of the Study .
The end of nineteenth century
until the beginning of twentieth century was .
the zenith of golden age of
United Kingdom with its colonies spread out all over .
the world. People especially
middle class enjoyed the high prosperous grade as the .
result of economic and
technological progression. Everything seemed fine and .
bright in the surface. But indeed
behind those all, materialism, agony, selfsatisfied, esthetic bluntness and
heartlessness were becoming overpowered that .
unconsciously effected the
social-political-economic problems. At last, World .
War I raged together with all of
its cruelness and horrible damaging-power. The .
end of war in 1918 was not only
solving many problems but also bringing about .
more new problems. At the end of
1920s the greatest economic depression .
appeared. Unemployment became
national problem and all of those turned into .
heavier after fascism and Nazism
threaten through out Europe including England.
In another hemisphere, communism
which based in Uni Soviet became one and .
the only great rival in economic,
military and ideological conflict—communism .
and democratic liberal—between
United States and Uni Soviet (Samekto, .
1976:77).
The development of English
literature in the beginning of twentieth century .
was approximately in line with
this road of history glanced above. Naturally .
enough, because literature is an
expression of someone’s heart and soul, and as a .
.
human the man of letter is
certainly unable to escape from the neighborhood .
where he lives, the situation and
the society, so with no exception George Orwell .
as an author is definitely could
not separated from its universe. Orwell was one of .
the most important novelists of
that age who found his subject matter in modern .
political ideologies whose early
works expressed pungently a profound .
dissatisfaction with the economic
inequalities, hypocrisies and the social .
anachronisms of English life in
1930’s (Wilson, 1958:28). His last and finest .
novel Nineteen Eighty-Fourattacks
the socialist which in early seemed attractive.
Nineteen Eighty-Fouris a
dystopian novel and first published by Secker and .
Warburg in 1949. The book tells
the story of Winston Smith and his degradation .
by the totalitarian state in
which he lives. Along with Aldous Huxley's Brave New .
World, Nineteen Eighty-Fouris
among the most famous and cited works of .
dystopian fiction in literature.
However, it was a novel We (1921) by a Russian .
author Yevgeny Zamyatin which
influenced Orwell most (Markus Etc. in .
Wikipedia, 2005:226). Orwell's
book has been translated into 62 languages and .
has left a profound impression
upon the English language itself. Nineteen EightyFour, its terminology and its
author have become well-known example when .
discussing privacy and
state-security issues. The term Orwellianhas come to .
describe actions or organizations
reminiscent of the totalitarian society depicted in .
the novel. Orwell is recognized
as a novelist with his specific genre that is closed .
to political scenes.
The late arrival of Novel on the
literary scene tells us something important .
about the genre: above all else,
a form of literature that looks at people in society.
.
Writers are have, of course,
always been interested in the world around them, but .
the development of the novel
reflects a move away from an essentially religious .
view of life towards a new
interest in the complexities of everyday experience.
Most Novels are concerned with an
ordinary people and their problems in the .
societies in which they find
themselves.
Novels do not, however, present a
documentary picture of life. Along side .
the fact that the novel looks at
people in society, the other characteristics of the .
genre are that novels tell a
story. In fact, novels tend to tell the same few stories .
time and time again. Novelists
frequently focus on the tensions between .
individual and society in which
they live,presenting characters that are at odds .
with that society.
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