CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
This chapter discusses about
background of study, problems of the study, objectives of the study,
significance of the study, scope and limitation, and definition of the key
terms.
1.1 Background of the Study According
to the philosophy expressed in the myths and religions of many people, language
is the source of human life and power (Victoria fromkin, Robert rodman, Nina hyams
2003:3). Language is a system of oral or written expression and communication
of ideas and emotionsor the process, the style and the vocabulary of such
system. Talking aboutlanguage cannot be separated from it’s primarily function
as a means of communication for the people and their society.
Language and society have close
relationship, whatever people do when they are together-whether they play,
fight, make love, or make auto mobiles- they talk. Language is what the members
ofparticular society speak (Wardhaugh-1986:1). Mainly, language besides as a
tool for communication with others, it is also as a tool for establishing and
maintaining relationship with other people.
Language is one of the main
defining features of the human species and as such has been of interest to and
studied by thinkers for at least several millennia.
Therefore, there was a study
about language which was called linguistics. This study deals with one of the
importantbranches of linguistics that is sociolinguistics which studies about
language usedby people in society.
Sociolinguistics as the frame
works deals with the language in use and how language users interpret what
other language users intend to convey messages. It has an essential role inthe
study of language. Hudson (1980: 4-5) states that sociolinguistic is the study
of language in relation to society. In sociolinguistics we study society in
order to find out as much as we can about what kind of thing language is
(Wardhaugh 1986:13).
In relation to the study of
language used in society, this present study concerns with one study in
sociolinguistics, that is Euphemism. It is studied in sociolinguistics because
it studies about polite language used and express in society (Wardhaugh, 1986).
In social communication, euphemism is the important style of language to
createharmonious interaction, euphemism is the instrument of keeping the
relationship in good harmony between reader and writer or speaker and listener
(Allan and Burridge 1991:7). The euphemism word and expression allow us to talk
about unpleasant things and neutralize the unpleasantness.
Euphemism is endemic in our
society, meaning that it is used widely. The glorification of the common place
and the elevation of the trivial (Wardhaugh, 1986:231) in the society,
euphemism usually happens not only in the oral communication but also in the
written text.
This present study takes the
written text as the object of the study. The reason is that the written text is
the media to express our desire, objective, opinion, and other ideas. Recoeur
as quoted by Sobur (2001: 53) says that text is spoken language which is
implemented intowritten form. We can also say that, actually we write in order
to give someinformation or make communication with other people. There are many
kinds of written texts such as: letter, book story, novel, newspaper,
magazines, diary et cetera.
In this research, the researcher
chooses magazine as the object of the research. Magazine is one of the ways to
communicate in the form of written text which uses visual aspect. It serves
usmany pages using pictorial symbols and images, and also gives us the
information focused on one thing and it is published periodically. The writer
is interested inmagazine because it is a part of mass media which has an
essential role in the modern life, it is a part of pop culture, because pop
culture including those pertaining to cooking, clothing, consumption, mass
media and the many facets of entertainmentsuch as sportsand literature.
Magazine gives information,
inspiration and entertains our life, by using magazine we can obtain much
information, news, and current news, and common events in local, national and
even international domain. In Indonesia there are many publications, in this
sense magazines, circulate in all of the country, both written in English or
bahasa Indonesia, suchas: Time, Tempo, Newsweek, Hello, et cetera.
In this research the researcher
chooses Newsweek Magazine as the subject of analysis. Newsweek is one of English
magazines published in America which also has been circulating in Indonesia.
The reasons the researcher chooses this magazine because it uses good language
besides it holds more prestigious National Magazine Awards, given by the
American Society of Magazine Editors (ASME) than any other magazines
(http://www.newsweek.com/id/42663).
Newsweek offers comprehensive
coverage of world events with a global network of correspondents, reporters and
editorscovering national and international affairs, business, science and
technology, society and the arts and entertainment and it bravely use
euphemism. The object of the study is the World Viewsection.
The researcher chooses
thissection because in this column it can be found more information about hot
issues in the world and consists of many type of euphemisms.
Actually, there are previous
researchers who had already conducted the same field of research that is the
use of euphemism. Ermayani (2003) studied the euphemism used in the headline of
Kompas newspaper. Sari (2004) studied the euphemism used in the headline of the
Jakarta Post newspaper. Muttaqin (2004) focused euphemism in the holy Qur’an.
But the researcher has different subject about euphemism analysis that is
analyzing euphemism in magazine, namely Newsweekmagazine.
1.2 Problems of the Study Concerning
the reasons mentioned in the background of study, the proposed problems are as
follows: 1. What types of Euphemism are
used in World Viewsection of Newsweek magazine? 2. What styles of Euphemism are used in World
Viewsection of Newsweek magazine? 3. How
are the functions of Euphemism used in World Viewsection of Newsweek magazine? 1.3
Objectives of the Study This research is aimed at answering the problems of the
study above.
Specifically, this research is
intended tofind out the types and styles of the Euphemism used in World
Viewsection of Newsweek magazine and the functions of euphemism used in World
Viewsection of Newsweek magazine.
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