CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
There are six subtopics covered
in this chapter. They are background of the study, statements of the problems,
objectives of the study, scope and limitation, significance of the study, and
definitions of key terms. The subtopics are explained as follows.
1.1 Background of the Study We
are as human being, in our daily life we like to see, tell and hear things occurring
around us. Reading the newspaper or literary works, listening to the radio,
watching television or seeing the movies are some examples of increasing experience.
We might have an opportunity to do them in different way. We also cannot be
separated from the existence of the work of art because we need art as a spiritual
cure when we are under pressure.
Some of us like reading a
literary work because it represents the real life.
It can also be the reflection of
the writer’s life. He or she does not only tell his or her experiences in his
or her work, but also expresses his or her ideas, thought, and will.
Furthermore, according to Grace literature is a creative work of art, an object
that an artist makes. As an object made by an artist, it has two main purposes.
First, a creative work expresses the truth or experience in terms of “beauty to
be contemplated”. Beauty is meant to be contemplated and, in this sense, a
creative work helps to meet the human need for contemplation. Secondly, a creative work meets the human necessity for
a means of communicating ideas of intellectual and social significance. In this
sense, a creative work indicates what the artist thought, and also, through its
germinative power, it is the source of new ideas in the future, forming a
living tradition (Grace, 1965:5).
Literary works can be divided
into fiction and non-fiction. Fiction is divided into three, that are prose
(short story and novel), poetry (sonnets, quatrain and etc), and drama (tragedy,
comedy, imaginary history and romance). All of them are composed based on the
imaginary of the author, on the other hand nonfiction are the literary works
which are composed based on the real phenomena such as biography and history
(Nurgiyanto, 1998:1-8).
In understanding a literary work,
every reader has different way in interpreting it. The reader who is studying
literature such as drama, poem and prose, has to know all elements of literary
works, because they have their own characteristics. Furthermore, in analyzing
literary works, whatever the category, we have to decide whether we analyze it
from the intrinsic or the extrinsic side.
The intrinsic are the plot, the
theme, the character, the point of view, and the setting, while the extrinsic
are psychological approach, feminism approach, sociological approach, and the
other approaches that are categorized as the extrinsic side.
A literary work that is chosen by
the researcher is a novel. It is an interesting work that represents a picture
of real life. It is
known, a novel consists of many
characters that are more or less similar with human life. The events that
happened to the characters also happened to human beings. Therefore, in this research, the
researcher wants to see and analyze a story of Revolt in Paradise. Actually, it
is rather hard to classify this book, maybe autobiography, perhaps historical
novel, possibly adventure story. If it purports to be autobiographical, it is
because the story of this book is about the writer’s story of life and written
by the writer herself. But the doubt has been cast on its accuracy and indeed
the author begins the book by saying, “It is always difficult to be completely
honest about oneself” (2006:1). It can
also be classified into the adventure novel because it tells about the
adventure of the major character of that novel. In its story, she was looking
for a land of peace and beauty, and did some adventure to the place that she
had never known before. In addition, it can be classified into historical novel
because it tells about the history of Indonesian revolution. Its story is based
on the historical facts of Indonesian independence movement. This reason is in
accordance with what Abrams said (in Nurgiyanto, 1998:4) that literary work
called as historical fiction is, if it is based on the historical facts. Thus,
it can be classified into historical novel.
A Revolt in Paradise written by
K’tut Tantri is an interesting novel that tells about the writer’s real life.
It can be seen from the major character that uses her own name that is K’tut
Tantri. The story of the novel is about a white woman who lived for fifteen
years in Indonesia for knowing the country and its people, from the highest and
the lowest level, and sharing the joys and the sorrows with them.
K’tut Tantri is a Scottish-born
American woman. Her father is an archeologist that left his family to go to
Africa. He died there before Tantri was born. She was looking for a land of peace and
beauty, and found her paradise in Bali. She was inspired to sail to Bali after
she had seen a film entitled Bali, the last paradise. It so inspired her that
then she immediately set sail alone for Bali with her paint brushes and easel
to live the life of an artist there. She came to Bali in the 1930s from
Hollywood, and the story of her life was here.
In Bali she was adopted by a Balinese Raja and his family. She had been
one of the glamorous band of expatriates in the 30’s and had built the first
hotel in Kuta. She also mixed with famous fellow artist in Bali. Through the
eyes of Prince Anak Agung Nura, who is a son of Balinese Raja, she fell in love
with the people and its culture, and began what will become a lifelong
friendship. When war shattered her languid life in the island of the gods,
K’tut Tantri joined the prince in the resistance movement, only to be captured,
tortured, imprisoned, and finally, near death, released. She subsequently
endured privation, torture and hardship during the Japanese occupation. After
the Japanese surrender, she joined the Indonesian revolution to fight for
independence.
A Revolt in Paradise novel that
is written in English language was published for the first time in 1960 in
London and has been translated into Indonesian in 1965. This novel is regarded
as a magical door that allowed Indonesian people to experience the Indonesian
revolution which, a little more than a decade before, had transformed the lives
of all Indonesians.
The reason of choosing this novel
is because Revolt in Paradise novel presents us the struggle of the expatriate
woman who was captured, tortured, imprisoned, and finally, near her death,
released when she joined the Indonesian revolution to fight for independence. The
events that happened to her can influence her behavior and determine her
personality. It proves that human behavior is motivated by many events that
happened to them.
Based on those reasons, this
novel will be analyzed by the researcher using psychological approach. This
approach is one of the approaches that can be used in analyzing a literary
work. She analyzes the major character’s personality. To understand the major character’s
personality, the researcher needs the humanistic theory of personality that is
formulated by Abraham Maslow. His theory presents five levels of human needs
that is called hierarchy needs. It is appropriate to be used in analyzing this
novel.
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