CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents background of the study,
problem of the study, objective of the
study, scope limitation of the study, significance of the study, and the definition of the key terms.
1.1 Background of the Study Abu Al’
Fida’ Isma’il bin Umar bin Katsir Al Qursyl or we had known as the Scholar of Islam Ibnu Kastir, he states
that we need another science or knowledge
for understanding the Holy Qur’an as a guiding of Moslem.
When someone ask: “What is the best way in
interpreting the word of God?”, then her
saying is: “Actually the best way in interpreting Al Qur’an
is by interpreting Al Qur’an it self”, because the general expression in the
verse of Al Qur’an sometimes the detail had been found in other verse,
and if not, you should find the detail in the sunnah An-Nabawi, because
actually Nabawi is the explanation of Al-Qur’an and the clarify of
Al-Qur’an (2001: xx) It is
related with the right sanad as the most of scholar of Islam conclude.
It is the word of Rasulullah
Shalallahu ‘Alaihi wa Salam into Mu’adz bin Jabal when Rasulullah delegate him going to Yemen
and, Rasulullah have a conversation like
this
“(Rasul asks), “How you will determine law
when given on you something that you need determining of law? Mu’adz
answer, “I will determine with the Qur’an of Allah.” Than Rasul asks again,
“How if you do not get in the Qur’an of Allah”. Mu’adz answer, “With sunnah
of Rasulullah”. Than Rasulullah asks again, “How if you do not get
in Qur’an of Allah as well as in sunnah of Rasulullah”. Mu’adz ask again,
I will determine with opinion of my self.” Hence Rasulullah clap the
shoulder of Mu’adz as great as telling, “All praising to Allah which
have harmonized courier a Rasul with something that Rasul wish”.
From those explanation, we can conclude that
we need interpreting and seeing through
the deepness meaning of the Holy Qur’an to express the secrets and to get the detail lesson which hidden in.
To reach at the truth in interpreting verse
by verse, we need the basic science that clearly can be used as reference.
And using our opinion or logic
are the last way in interpreted the meaning of Al Qur’an according the truth basic to support
the meaning of the Holy Qur’an.
That case above is same when we look into the
text. It forces us to examine details of
both the text to be read and what readers do when they read that text. So, it is why this research is
important in order to get the clear information
as a good communication. We cannot interpret or even guessing to anything before there is a reference of
relevant information. Sometimes, text has a hidden meaning that we cannot know what is
the writer’s mean from the context is
retrieved. To know the writer’s interpretations of the texts and to avoid any wrong guessing, we have to analyze them in the
form of discourse analysis, not interpret
by our logical only without the clear basic.
Cook (1989: 6-7) states that discourse is the
use of language in communication. While
language is used in communication, it means that language does not only refer to the
grammatical structure but also refers to the
message, which is more complex as the whole unit. In daily life,
discourse is always experienced, either
in written or spoken form.
Discourse is a discipline to the investigation
of the relationship between form and
function in verbal communication (Renkema, 1993: 1). The definition of discourse, he says, does not only refer to
the text it self, but also to the consumer
of discourse, whereas the definition refers to the function of language.
The single most obvious way in
which the relationship between language and context is reflected in the structures of
language themselves is through the phenomenon
of deixis (Levinson, 1983: 54).
Deixis as the one area of discourse analysis
that refers to the world outside a text
that help in interpreting or knowing what the writer’s mean on the text. In consequence deixis is seen to be important in
discourse analysis to expose the hidden
meaning of the text. Deixis concerns the ways in which languages encode or grammatical features of the context of an
utterance or a speech event.
Renkema (1993: 76) defines the
term of deixis is borrowed from the Greek word for pointing or indicating, is used to denote
those elements in a language which refer
directly to the situation.
When we try to find the clear meaning it is
change quickly depending on the time or
space in which they are uttered or read. Yule (2006: 115) states that we use deixis to point things (it, this,
these, and etcetera), people (him, them, those, and etcetera), location (here, there,
near, and etcetera), time (now, then, last
week, and etcetera). All those deictic expression has to be interpreted in terms of which person, place or time the
speaker has in mind.
Deixis
refers to the world outside a text. Generally, human use a deictic expression, such as: I, you, now, that, there
and etcetera, to indicate something in the
immediate context. So, the role of deixis here are some very common words on our language that cannot be interpreted at
all if we do not know the context.
Renkema gives an example: “I am
now standing on the roof”.
The word “I” refers to the person uttering the
sentence. The time which “now” denotes is dependent on the moment the
statement is uttered. This situation dependency does not occur with words
such as “roof”; the meaning of this word remains more or less
constant in different situations (1993: 76-77).
Deixis can be found in many kinds of media. It
can be from television, newspaper,
magazines and even by browsing on the internet. In addition, news is something important in extending our
knowledge, the news program of Metro TV website
is selected to be analyzed, because it is used as a means of communication or information in the form of written text
between the writer and the reader. The station that published on November th , 2000, has over 53 transmission sites all over the country. The news program chosen in
this research because it is one of English
Language program focusing on the day’s top national and international issues, we can get the latest Indonesia news
live online with in depth coverage of Indonesia
and international politic, economy, business, law, culture, social issues and much more.
When we read a text, many people have
different feels or thinks.
Sometimes, it is right or wrong,
did not have the same idea as the writer want, and many unpredictable opinion in interpreting the
meaning of the text. Therefore, the opinion
must be supported by credible data and theory of deixis to make them more convincing and used to point thing in
order to make clear what a writer means
and also always communicates much more than what is said and as the basic way to make communication understandable.
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