CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of Analysis
Literature is the product of human’s work in art that
uses language as its means of both oral
and written language that can cause a beautiful feeling and soulful readers. Literature, in general, is
life-experience which is uttered words to become a beautiful writing.
Reading literary work, readers
can get the writer’s intention, so that they can enrich their knowledge and enlarge their
horizon of thinking about human life.
Readers can also find various
human behaviors which are acted out by characters in a literary work. A literary work usually
provides lesson to the reader how to solve
problems and situations that exist in real life.
In literature, there are three
genres, namely poetry, drama and prose. Poetry is a meaningful arrangement of words. Drama is
a story which is intended to be performed
on the stage. Prose is fictitious narrative kind of writing. They have much in common but different in expressing
idea, style, and others.
The word prose derives from the
Latin ‘prosa’, which is literally translated to ‘straightforward’. Edgar V. Roberts and
Henry E. Jacobs (1995:2) classify prose into
two, fiction and non-fiction prose. Fiction prose is made based on author’s creation and imagination. Non-fiction prose
describes facts and opinion. Prose can be
classified into some other forms, for example novel, short story, romance, and biography. The first three forms are included
in fiction prose, while the latest is non-fiction.
This
thesis is going to discuss two short stories as the object of analysis. A short story is a brief, imaginative narrative,
unfolding a single predominating incident
and a single chief character. It contains a plot, the details of which are so compressed and the whole treatment so
organized, as to produce a single impression.
This thesis is going to discuss
two short stories as the object of analysis.
Short story is a brief,
imaginative narrative, unfolding a single predominating incident and a single chief character. It
contains a plot, the details of which are so compressed and the whole treatment so
organized, as to produce a single impression.
Poe says in Edgar V. Roberts and Henry E. Jacob (1995:49),”Short story is a short, concentrated story (he
called it “a brief prose tale” which could be read at a single sitting) was ideal for
producing this kind of powerful impression.” Edgar V. Robert and Henry E. Jacob
says (1995:49) that short story concentrates
on a single character in a single situation at a single moment. An effective short stories consists of a
character (or group of characters) presented against a background or setting, involved
through mental or physical action, in a situation.
Dramatic conflict is-the collision of opposing forces-is at the heart of every short story.
In a literary work, whether oral
or written, literary element or intrinsic element is a factor which plays an important
role in a story. According to Rene Welleck
and Austin Warren (1977:139), intrinsic elements in literary product include characters, themes, conflicts and plot.
Character is creation of images
of imaginary person in drama, the narrative poetry, the novel or short stories while
setting is the environment or place and time where the story takes place. Conflict in short
story is simpler than the novel.
Theme is a topic or main idea of
a story.
One of interesting theme to
discuss in a story is about love. Harry Harlow (1958:32) defines that love is as an
affectional feeling for others. Love is a commitment to find the meaning of life from
two different human genders. In other
words, love is not only a series of beautiful words but an expression of soul and emotion based on responsibility regardless
of background, status and condition.
Love can give a pos itive and negative motivation for someone. Love is more than a feeling. Love is also a motivation
for us to perform an action.
Hornby (2000:) says love is (1) a
strong feeling or a deep affection towards someone or something and (2) a strong feeling
against someone or something that is
sexually attracted."No one knows what the real meaning of love is.
Everyone has his/her own meaning
depending on his/her point of view. Love might be the conceptualized as an attachment-formation
process. Hazan and Shaver (1987:9) state,
“love is the attachment system in human undergoes modification during the course of adolescence, so that its original
objects, the parents are relinquished, and the individual is able to integrate new
objects, new attachment figures. The attachment
system is just one among a number of interrelated behavioral system which include exploration, care giving, sexual
mating and affiliation.” Nathaniel Hawthorne postulates love as the theme in
her two short stories, "Rappaccini's
Daughter" (1844) and "The Birthmark” (1846). These short stories are about love of the different gender and how
it can motivate the life of the main characters.
"Rappaccini's Daughter" tells us about the true love between Giovanni
and his lover, Beatrice. Beatrice is a
poisonous girl and the victim of her father’s experiment who is a scientist. Giovanni’s love
motivates Beatrice to live as ordinary
people. Giovanni also help her to cure the poison from her body and to socialize with society. "The
Birthmark" is a love between husband and wife who asks perfection. Georgiana tries to be
faithful to her husband Aylmer who is very perfectionist. Aylmer demands a physical
perfection from his wife, Georgiana.
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