CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
This
chapter deals with
introduction that consists of
background of the study,
problems of the study, objectives of the study, scope of study, significance of the study, research method and definition
of key terms.
1.1 Background of the Study Many
literary critics have enormously enriched and invigorated the study of
literary works, but there
is still not conventional
definition concerning ‘what literature’ is there are many views on
literature, but none can claim the correct or incorrect
view on it.
That is the
fact that makes
the study of
literature both difficult and fascinating.
In literature, complications of
language ultimately have a communicative purpose
instead of imagining
that speaker or
write is being
uncooperative. The reader
struggles to interpret
elements of imagination
for some further communicative goal.
Literature is
a speech act or textual
event that elicits
certain kinds of attention. It
contests with other
short of speech
acts, such as
imparting information, asking
question or making
promises. Most of
the time that leads
reader to treat something as literature is that they find it in context that
identifies it as
literature: in a
book of poems
or sections magazine, library, or bookstore. (Culler: 1997: 27) Literature
is one of such ways to express the creativity in developing the view civilization. There would be always some
messages, point of view, and ideas that
try to be delivered by the text of the literature. Something is described in
the text is a part of illustration of
the world in our imagination. These massages from our
imagination are related
to the mind;
feeling and the
ideas about something exist or can be existed (Pradotokusumo,
2005:39) Literary criticism explains
what a work
of literature means.
It has important
role for human
life and the
development of literature
itself. It means that
literary criticism is important in developing knowledge and understanding the values outside literary itself such religion,
philosophy, moral and so on.
The purpose of analyzing a
literary work is to understand what it tries to communicate.
Furthermore, analysis helps us
through reading and
through reflection, understands
the way ideas
and feelings are
talked in the
works (Endraswara, 2003:10).
Literature also deals with human beings. It concerns with human beings’ effort to make adjustment and
change their society. In this respect, Asmaeny
(2007:49) says that feminist is an identity have reality social, and power and
system is a
social definition. Feminism
category represented social movements,
so movement should
be appeared some
solution and social
contact between women
and other reality.
Description social feminism
respect of substation,
women should belabor
of ball of
twine to discourse
reproduction to build by social reality.
In this analysis, the writer
tries to explore some ideas given in the novel The
Tenant of Wildfell
Hallby Anne Bronte
especially ideas about
feminism.
Feminism brings
an issue about
gender inequality in every
aspect. It demands equality in human right (www.captiveape.com).
Aristotle declares that the female is
female by virtue of a certain lack of qualities, and St Thomas Aquinas believes
that
a woman is
an ‘imperfect man’.
In pre-Mendelian days,
men regard their sperm
as the active seed that give form to the waiting ovum which lack identity until it receives the male’s impress (Selden,
1993:203-204). Man’s inequality has secured an
ideological climate of
compliance: legislators, priests,
philosophers, writers and
scientists have striven to show that the subordinate position of women is
willed in heaven
and advantageous in
earth (Selden, 1993:210).
By this statement, the writer tries to explore the
spirit of feminism which is portrayed in the novel. It means that the writer tries to
find the violence and the consciousness of
the women character about the violence is attached to them. By exploring and understanding
the novel, we
can explore the
idea is stated
so that we
will understand what the novel
want to deliver about women inequality.
Literature criticism concept
regard about “politic” (Millet, 1970), it means immediately politic changes
relationship live power between man and women in the
literature system. And
feminist criticism is
definition by Kolodny,
feminist critiques from America
said: “it involved
exposing the sexual
stereotyping of women,
in both our literature and
our literary criticism
and, as well,
demonstrating the inadequacy
of established critical
schools and methods
to dear fairly
or sensitively with work written
by women.” In this
analysis of The Tenant
of Wildfell Hall,
the writer use
feminist criticism to explore
struggle of the women character to get their equality in their life.
Because in the
novel there are
many men’s inequality
to the women characters
also becomes the issue to be explored. Feminism brings an issue about gender equality in every aspect; it demands
equality in women inequality.
If we pay attention, at present
time, to the progressive discourse on gender equality – the equality on the right between
men and women – besides the issue on human
right, we will find
that it is the most influential and contextual issue taking
most attention from the intellectuals, social scientists, politicians etc. This
might prove that the issue on women is the controversial and complex one that needs profound discussions.
It is very important for the
writer to study and analyze the novel because the novel that writer studies and analyzes is
the phenomenal novel which has very good point
of view about
problem in life
especially about gender
inequalities.
Thus, the
study of the
novel is very
important to explore
the gender idea is showed in
the novel. Moreover,
the analysis is
aimed to explore
the culture injustice
that gives the
man more power to
become a superior
and places the women
lack of power as an inferior.
There is a long-standing tradition of feminism
issue whether is it about the women struggle
toward emancipation, marginalization, and
violence or stereotyping
as second level
toward men. Therefore,
there are many
works that record and cover those conditions in several
years. The feminist literary criticism of today
is the direct
product of “women’s
movement” of the
1960s. This movement
was in the
sense that it
realized the significance
of the images
of women promulgated by
literature, and shows it as a vital one to combat them and question their authority and their coherence
(Barry, 2002: 121).
In the analysis of The Tenant of
Wildfell Hall,the writer tries to explore inequality aspects and the struggle of the
women character to against inequality in their
life. Besides that, the
men’s domination to the
woman character also becomes
the issue to be explored. The analysis begins from Helen’s teenager time.
In this time, she lives with her uncle and aunt because her
mother died and her father allows her
uncle and aunt to look after her. Her struggle to be independent woman is begun when her uncle and aunt
introduce her to a man which is older than
her and they ask her to marry him. But she rejects their demand because she has her own choice. Her struggle to against
inequality continues after she marries a
man whom she loves. Because finally she knows that, her choice is not good as she what thinks. Finally, she knows that the
man she have been married is a rude, drunken,
brutish and solipsistic man. Here the writer explores her struggle against inequality
because her husband treats badly.
There are
other researchers who
have studied feminist
literary criticism.
Ika Kurniawati
(2007), the student
of state Islamic
university of Malang
has conducted the
thesis about feminist
entitle women’s struggle
against the patriarchal Chinese family in pearl S. buck’s
pavilion of women. She focused on the
patriarchal Chinese family faced by the female character.
Furthermore, M.
Rizal (2007) has
analyzed of the
novelThe Tenant of Wildfell
Hall, his thesis about feminist entitle Main Female character Domination to be Independent in Anne Bronte’s The Tenant
of Wildfell Hall. In his analysis that
is a fine and important Victorian novel that deserves serious critical
attention as a work of fiction. In his
analysis, M Rizal determines that Anne Bronte’s novel brings
feminism ideas that
are portrayed Helen’s
character; Helen represents woman character in the story. She wants to
deliver about her idea is there should be
a freedom for every woman to find a man she wants to marry. She states that there should be no wedlock because every
person –woman- has rights to choose someone
to love and to be loved.
And Erwin Inayah (2007) the
student of state Islamic university of Malang her thesis
about feminist entitle A
radical feminist Analysis
on the major Character’s
Struggle against Christendom Patriarchy in Donna Woolfolk Cross’ Pope Joan. She has analysis two purpose, they
are: to describe Christendom view toward female
in Donna Wolfalk
Cross’ Pope Joan.
And he has
explored the major
character’s struggle against
Christendom patriarchy in
Donna Woolfalk Cross’ Pope Joan.
Despite those researchers in
feminism thus, study
is still relevant
to be done because there is no researcher to study
women’s struggle in novel the tenant of
wildfell hall 1.2 Problem of the study Due to
some considerations, which
are mentioned in
preceding background of study,
the research problems that are going to be discussed in this research are: 1. What
are gender inequalities portrayed in novel The
tenant of Wildfell Hall? 2. How does the woman character struggle
against gender inequality in The Tenant
of Wildfell Hall? 1.3 Objective of the Study Concerning the statements of
the problems that is mentioned
above, this study is intended to
present the description of: 1. The aspect of gender inequality portrayed in
novel The Tenant of Wildfell Hall.
2. The struggle of woman
character against gender inequality in The Tenant of Wildfell Hall.
1.4 Scope of the Study There are
many aspects can be analyzed
in the novel The
Tenant of Wildfell
Hall written by Anne
Bronte such as
violence, marginalization, and subordination. The
writer would analyze only
the main woman character in the novel
to face his family. The focus of the analysis is in the way of how woman character struggles against inequalities
aspects showed in the novel.
1.5 Significance of the Study The writer hope that the description and analysis of social
problem, that occurred in
the novel The
Tenant of Wildfell
Hallas a sketch
of human’s life problem of
the England revolution,
will give profitable
contribution to students who want to learn about feminist study. The writer
also hopes that this thesis will give
more information about the relationship between fact and fiction in a work of literature itself. Moreover, the writer wants
this thesis to be useful for student who wants to write the thesis of literary for
their references.
Generally, most
of the students
of university or
writers are interested
in analyzing and studying the
intrinsic aspect of the literary work which they study, such as theme, conflict, plot, setting, and
characters. It just studied all things in the work, without caring about everything outside
of it. It means out the literary work itself,
such as historical background, feminist study of literary work. However, in this thesis, the writer wants to search the
outside aspect of the novel that has close relationship with literary work. It is
commonly called extrinsic approach.
Feminist literary
criticism is a kind of
extrinsic approach which
will be applied in the analysis, and it is very
interesting study, because the writer will try to show the connection between the literary
work and the society of that age.
The writer
hopes that this
thesis will add
the readers’ knowledge
and information about feminist
and literature. It will give an example for the student of
English literature especially in the readers of literary work. The writer hopes that the thesis can be accepted as a
contribution for the literary study and help the student to study the field.
1.6 Research Method Method is
a way used
to get the
objective of the
research, and how the researcher arranges his steps of work. In
brief, method is not only the way to work in good order but also the way to give the
clarification of what the researcher has done.
In this chapter, the researcher
of this study will discuss the aspects related to
research method. They
are: research design,
data and data
source, data collection, and data analysis.
1.6.1 Research Design The writer problem has been formulated clearly
to specify the type of the important formulation
needed. The writer
design means the
arrangement of condition for collecting and analyzing the
data that are taken from the novelThe Tenant
of Wildfell Hall by Anne Bronte.
The writer
design used in
this thesis is
a literary criticism
which used feminist literary criticism as an approach to
deal with the data. In this research, the writer
uses literary criticism
with feminist approach
because this approach involved a turn towards explorations of the
society especially women problem in society.
Also, this approach involved an injustice of the men toward women in our real life.
1.6.2 Data Sources The data source of this
study was the novel The Tenant of Wildfell Hall by Anne Bronte. All of the date were in the form
of written dialogue, monologue and expression,
which collected from the novel publish from Oxford.
1.6.3 Data Collection The data
of this study
were collected from
the novel The Tenant
of Wildfell Hall by Anne
Bronte. The writer collects the date by
reading the novel carefully and in
details for several times. After
writer does understand the clue, then
writer underlines the
important paragraphs writer
has read or
designing of date to use in analyzing. Later then, the
researcher put those data in selected order will analyses and analyses them in accordance
with the problems of study.
1.6.4 Data Analysis Concerning
with the explanation above and based the title of the novel The Tenant
of Wildfell Hall
by Anne Bronte, which is
analyze by the writer,
writer begins to analyze by
trying to find gender inequalities to women and the women struggle
by reading the novel
carefully. Then writer
marked the statements
or paragraphs, which is claimed
containing the women problems and control of the men.
The writer
then tries to
analyze them by
conducting feminist literary criticism.
This theory claims
that we can
understand the text
of literature by interpreting,
understanding and evaluating the work of literature.
Finally, after the writer succeeds in
analyzing the data by using the theory above,
he put them into the result and discussion in which we can find the finding of
the analysis. And
then after all
are in good
order, he makes
conclusion and suggestion based on the all previous chapters.
1.7 Definition of Key Terms In order
to avoid some misinterpretations of some key terms are used in this study, the following explains the terms
are used.
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