CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study Literature is simply another way we can
experiencethe world around us through our
imagination (Jones, 1968:1)
as a mood
stated literature is
born of telling story of arranging word in pleasing
patternof expressing words in some special
aspects of our human experience. Literaturehas three main branches; they are
prose, drama, and
poetry. Literary work
is result of
human being thinking which tells about life deal with feeling,
ideas, ambition, and problems.
Value
in literary work
is intended as
the suggestion from
the author consisting value teaching practically to the
readers. This statement is accordance with the
opinion of Nurgiyantoro
(1995: 322) who
states that literary
works or fictions are written by the author to offer an
ideal lifestyle and there are values applications
in the attitude, behavior of the character of human being. It is also applied authority and human prestige. The
author creates the literary work is not only using
the skill and
creation ability at
all, but also
based on the
vision, inspiration and struggle.
In this study the researcher wants to use
Novel bythe title “every woman loves
russian poet” by elizabeth dunkel as the object of study, tells about a woman struggle, she tries to get what she needs
struggly.There is no one perfect in this world, is suitable words for her. Although she
is well off, smart, succes, but she always
losted.
She
does not need
money because she
has, she does
not need food, because she
could buy it.
She was ajust
good girl of
russian in Newyork
City before she entered
kindergarten, where she become totally American. (Elizabeth Dunkel, 1989:27) The
other characters of Kate are she was smart. She had a phi beta kappa key from college and master degree in english
with honors. She had a rewarding job. She earned a decent salery. She had a
housekeeper who came to clean every other weeks.
And she kept
by swimming and
saunas three times
a week. She belong
to newyork public library. She dressed well
and loved blomingdale's and sluming in
So Ho boutiques.
She rode her
bicycle in central park.
(Dunkel, 1989:10) Although Kate describes as the perfect woman
who lived in big city and had everything
liked what has been described above,Kate is not an angle, kate is human being besides she has some strenghts
also shehas weaknesses. Kate as the main
character in the novel describes as awoman whoneed to be loved, have sex, affection, belongingness, and also self-esteem
likeother women. Dealing with the problems
above which related to the main character,the researcher fells that the novel is suitable to be used by Abraham
Maslow's five basic hirarchy of needs.
As the writer explores, the novel, by the
title every woman loves russian poet is
never used by psychological approach especially abraham maslow’s five hieararchy of basic needs theory before. So
the researcher feels that this time the novel
is suitable to studied, described, analyzed, and interpreted by the approach.
Maslow has set up five hierarchic theories of
needs. All of his basic needs are
instinctual, equivalent of instincts in animals. Humans start with a very weak disposition that is then fashioned fully as
the person grows. If the environment is right,
people will grow straight and beautiful, actualizing the potentials they have inherited. If the environment is not
"right", they will not grow tall and straight and beautiful.
Beyond these needs, higher levels of needs
exist. These include needs for understanding,
esthetic appreciation and purely spiritual needs. In the levels of the five basic needs, the person does not feel the
second need until the demands of the first
have been satisfied or the third until the second has been satisfied, and so on.
Hierarchic
theory of needs
which presented by
Maslow is one of
Psycological approach uses to interpret
literary work. Psycological approach as a tipe of study which is applied to literary
work, implied that psychology could be used
to interpret or evaluate literary work. With this point Wellek and warren give an example
how character in the literary
work (novel, sort
story, and drama) is evaluated
or interpret whether true or not by psychology. Wellek and Warren said (1990) in the composition of literary work,
sometimes there is one theory used by the
novelist, and the theory is suitable to used tointerpret the main character in Elizabeth Dunkel every woman loves Russian
poet.
Psychological
analysis especially fiction
and drama apparently
is good.
Because not only literary work,
but also psychologyit self has same discussion.
Both of them use human being as
the object of discussion. In the contrary, they have
same object of
discussion, they also
have different opinion
to talk about human
being. Literary work talks human being as thecreator of novelist (imaginer life),
different with psychology
which talks human
being as the
real life or the
creator of the god.
There
are some previous
studies which are
related with this research.
Some of them are theses by Dwi
Budiastuti Mahmudah (2008), she has chosen the orphan’s
treatments, and its
psychological effect on
Jane Eyre Portrayed
In charlotte Bronte's
Jane Eyre: comparative
study of charlotte
Bronte view and Islamic view
on orphanage, she
focused her study
on the effects of
personal treatment problems
especially dealing with Islamic perspective.
She applies psychological approach.
Psychological literary criticism has to use three
basic literary approaches;
they are textual
approach,
receptivepragmative approach, and
expressive approach. This
study, the researcher
uses textual approach that
analyzes psychological aspectof characters in literary work.
The approach
is also to
elaborate one of
psychological theories, Abraham Maslow’s
theory of personality.
Then, the researcher
describes the orphan treatments
both in the
novel and in
the Islamic perspective
and also the psychological
effect on Jane Eyre.
The
study is literary
criticism using Islamic
perspective; it is
not a religious
research. Therefore, the
results perhaps will
be different from
the religious research by the
student of Islamic education. The weakness also appears from the subject of study. The subject of
study is not Islamic novel but the English novel. Of course the author does not write the
novel by considering the Islamic value
because the author is not a Moslem.
In
the study, the
researcher is going
to analyze the
treatments faced by Jane Eyre
in Charlotte Bronte’s
Jane Eyre. The
researcher also presents
the analysis of
treatments faced by
Jane Eyre in
Islamic perspective. Then,
the researcher analyzes the
effects of those treatmentson Jane Eyre attitude. All of the analyses
are analyzed by
using the Maslow’s
hierarchy of basic
human needs theory.
The
second one is
thesis by Nailul
Fauziyah which is the title "psychological
analysis of the main character's personality in Go Ask Alice". The researcher
emphasizes her study
on the character's
personality in the
novel Go Ask Alice edited by Beatiee Sparks. The
researcher focuses her study on the main character's personality which found in the
novel issensitive, unrealistic. And the researcher wants
to analysis it
by using Abraham
Maslow theory of
motivation (hierarchy of
needs), such as
psychological needs, safety
needs, Love and Belongingness,
Self-Esteem, Self-actualization.
The significance of her study is to give the
understanding on how motives can control
one's person behavior in process of achieving her purpose and also to give
knowledge about the
basic drive in
human being emotions based
on psychological point of view.
These
thesis are similar
to the writers
present the study
they use psychological approach, and among of them
focus on the main character. But they are different
in that Dwi
Budiastuti Mahmudah (2008),
she has chosen
the orphan’s treatments,
and its psychological
effect on Jane
Eyre Portrayed In charlotte Bronte's
Jane Eyre: comparative
study of charlotte
Bronte view and Islamic view
on orphanage, she
focused her study
on the effects of personal treatment problems especially dealing with
Islamic perspective, and she elaborates one
of psychological theories, by using Abraham Maslow’s theory of personality.
And Nailul Fauziyah which is the title
"psychological analysis of the main character's
personality in Go
Ask Alice". She
emphasizes her study
on the character's personality in the novel Go Ask
Alice edited by Beatiee Sparks. The researcher
focuses her study on the main character's personality which found in the novel is sensitive, unrealistic. And the
researcher wants to analysis it by using Abraham Maslow theory of motivation (hierarchy
of needs) The
different point both
of Dwi Budiastuti
Mahmudah and Nailul Fauziyah,
is emphasizing his
study on the
main character’s need
in elizebeth dunkle “every
woman loves russian poet”
which viewed by Abraham maslow’s five hierarchy of basic needs theory.
1.2 Statements of the Problems Problem formulations of this study are as
follows: 1. What kind of psychological problems are faced
by Kate as the main character? 2.
What kind of
need is stated
in the novel
“Every Woman Loves Russian Poet”
by Elizabeth Dunkel
which is viewed
from Abraham Maslow’s Five Hierarchy of Basic Need theory? 1.3
Objectives of the Study Related
to the previous questions, the objectives of the study are: 1.
Finding out the psychological condition of the maincharacter of every woman loves Russian poet by Elizabeth Dunkel 2.
Exploring how is
the main character’s
need of the
novel which is viewed
from Abraham Maslow’s theory of hierarchy ofneeds.
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the problems that is mentioned
above, this study is intended to
present the description of: 1. The aspect of gender inequality portrayed in
novel The Tenant of Wildfell Hall.
character against gender inequality in The Tenant of Wildfell Hall.
1.4 Scope of the Study There are
many aspects can be analyzed
in the novel The
Tenant of Wildfell
Hall written by Anne
Bronte such as
violence, marginalization, and subordination. The
writer would analyze only
the main woman character in the novel
to face his family. The focus of the analysis is in the way of how woman character struggles against inequalities
aspects showed in the novel.
1.5 Significance of the Study The writer hope that the description and analysis of social
problem, that occurred in
the novel The
Tenant of Wildfell
Hallas a sketch
of human’s life problem of
the England revolution,
will give profitable
contribution to students who want to learn about feminist study. The writer
also hopes that this thesis will give
more information about the relationship between fact and fiction in a work of literature itself. Moreover, the writer wants
this thesis to be useful for student who wants to write the thesis of literary for
their references.
Generally, most
of the students
of university or
writers are interested
in analyzing and studying the
intrinsic aspect of the literary work which they study, such as theme, conflict, plot, setting, and
characters. It just studied all things in the work, without caring about everything outside
of it. It means out the literary work itself,
such as historical background, feminist study of literary work. However, in this thesis, the writer wants to search the
outside aspect of the novel that has close relationship with literary work. It is
commonly called extrinsic approach.
Feminist literary
criticism is a kind of
extrinsic approach which
will be applied in the analysis, and it is very
interesting study, because the writer will try to show the connection between the literary
work and the society of that age.
The writer
hopes that this
thesis will add
the readers’ knowledge
and information about feminist
and literature. It will give an example for the student of
English literature especially in the readers of literary work. The writer hopes that the thesis can be accepted as a
contribution for the literary study and help the student to study the field.
1.6 Research Method Method is
a way used
to get the
objective of the
research, and how the researcher arranges his steps of work. In
brief, method is not only the way to work in good order but also the way to give the
clarification of what the researcher has done.
In this chapter, the researcher
of this study will discuss the aspects related to
research method. They
are: research design,
data and data
source, data collection, and data analysis.
1.6.1 Research Design The writer problem has been formulated clearly
to specify the type of the important formulation
needed. The writer
design means the
arrangement of condition for collecting and analyzing the
data that are taken from the novelThe Tenant
of Wildfell Hall by Anne Bronte.
The writer
design used in
this thesis is
a literary criticism
which used feminist literary criticism as an approach to
deal with the data. In this research, the writer
uses literary criticism
with feminist approach
because this approach involved a turn towards explorations of the
society especially women problem in society.
Also, this approach involved an injustice of the men toward women in our real life.
1.6.2 Data Sources The data source of this
study was the novel The Tenant of Wildfell Hall by Anne Bronte. All of the date were in the form
of written dialogue, monologue and expression,
which collected from the novel publish from Oxford.
1.6.3 Data Collection The data
of this study
were collected from
the novel The Tenant
of Wildfell Hall by Anne
Bronte. The writer collects the date by
reading the novel carefully and in
details for several times. After
writer does understand the clue, then
writer underlines the
important paragraphs writer
has read or
designing of date to use in analyzing. Later then, the
researcher put those data in selected order will analyses and analyses them in accordance
with the problems of study.
1.6.4 Data Analysis Concerning
with the explanation above and based the title of the novel The Tenant
of Wildfell Hall
by Anne Bronte, which is
analyze by the writer,
writer begins to analyze by
trying to find gender inequalities to women and the women struggle
by reading the novel
carefully. Then writer
marked the statements
or paragraphs, which is claimed
containing the women problems and control of the men.
The writer
then tries to
analyze them by
conducting feminist literary criticism.
This theory claims
that we can
understand the text
of literature by interpreting,
understanding and evaluating the work of literature.
Finally, after the writer succeeds in
analyzing the data by using the theory above,
he put them into the result and discussion in which we can find the finding of
the analysis. And
then after all
are in good
order, he makes
conclusion and suggestion based on the all previous chapters.
1.7 Definition of Key Terms In order
to avoid some misinterpretations of some key terms are used in this study, the following explains the terms
are used.
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