CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents background
of the study, statements of the problem, objectives of the study, scope and limitation,
significance of the study and definition
of key terms.
1.1 Background of the Study In communication, speaker (S) has a message
that needs to be conveyed to Hearer (H).
The message sometimes cannot be found in his word and utterances literary. So that, there is a study
called pragmatics as a way explaining
language in context. In explaining the meaning, it is necessary to know who the speaker and the hearer are, the time
and the place, and the other aspect of
contextual description. Those are used tomake H comprehend intention of what S said.
One of discussions in pragmatics
is politeness. Grundy (2000:146) states
that politeness phenomena are one manifestation of the wider concept of etiquette, or appropriate behavior. To be
successful in interaction, one has to 1 follow some important strategies to be polite.
The language philosopher H.P.
Grice proposed the rule in
conversational implicature which is called by the Cooperative Principle consisting of Maxim of
Quality, Quantity, Relevance and Manner.
These maxims are useful in interpretinga conversation, but, they constantly should not be followed. When these
maxims are flouted or violated by S, it
would imply some hidden meaning called implicature.
Second, Brown and Levinson
proposed politeness strategy which the face
is saving view of politeness. They suggest twokinds of face. One is negative face. It is freedom of action and
freedom from imposition wanting the actions
not to be constrained or inhibited by others. The last is positive face. It is the positive self image that people have
and want to be appreciated and approved
of by some other people.
Another concept that served when
people are talkingis the Politeness Principle
which is developed by Geoff Leech. The centre of this concept is effect of what is said on the people. So that,
the S can speak untruth in order to make
the H becoming pleasant. The politeness principle is interesting topic because it teaches us how to produce
utterances that cause the hearer not angry.
From one of maxims of politeness
principle, the speaker is allowed to speak a white lie because in approbation maxim, it
requiresto minimize dispraise of other
and maximize praise of other.
Politeness in communication
requires people to adopt strategies of maximizing
polite beliefs and minimizing impolite beliefs. There are six maxims of politeness principle introduced by
Leech.They are tact maxim, 2 generosity maxim, approbation maxim, modesty
maxim,agreement maxim, and sympathy
maxim. Leech (1983: 81) states that polite and impolite beliefs are respectively beliefs which are favorable
and unfavorable to the hearer or to a
third party, where ‘favorable’ and ‘unfavorable’ are measured on some relevant scales of values which Leech calls it
pragmatics scales. Referring to Searle’s
illocutionary acts, Leech uses his own terms impositivefor Searle's directiveand the others are same like,
representative/ assertive, expressiveand commissive. In Islam, Allah also suggests the
human being to say appropriately to
others in order to make them pleasant. The Koran said: ( #θà )− Gu ‹ù =s ù © !$ #
( #θä 9θà )u ‹ø 9u ρ Z ωö θs
% #´ ‰ƒÏ ‰y ™ “Let them fear God, and speak Words of
appropriate(comfort).” (The Holy Koran,
An-Nisa: 9) The “Prince and Me” movie is
a comedy romantic drama of Lion Gates Film.
The movie is written in 2004. It was directedby Martha Coolidge. The story is about the relationship between a young
student Paige Morgan and the Prince Edvard
and the other social relationship with otherstudents and the members of palace. Paige Morgan, a student from
Wisconsin, is on the fast track toward
her lifelong goals. Edward, the Crown
Prince of Denmark, is trying to escape a life he never chooses. Needing an escape from his
royal life, Edward goes to Wisconsin and
poses as Eddie, a college student. Then, they fall in love. Edward is in line
to become King.
Thus, Paige has to choose
between two dreams,
becoming a princess
or the doctor
that she's always
wanted to be.
The uniqueness of
this movie is
the main character
Prince Edvard crouches
when uttering apologizes.
3 When a
person utters apology means he
knows that heis wrong.
Thus, he will show
his dispraise. This
situation is appropriate
with one of the maxims
of politeness principle,
modesty maxim which
is minimizing praise
of self and maximizing
dispraise of self.
The previous study is from Eka
Nurdianingsih (2006)who focused on analysis
of tact and approbation maxims that were based on Leech’s politeness principles in the movie “Maid in Manhattan.”
The other previous study is from Eko
Purwanti (2006) who focused on the flouting of politeness maxims in humor discourse of “Extravaganza” comedy.
Then, Xinke Tian in 2006 analyzed
Western and Chinese concepts of politeness.
Based on those researches, the
reseracher wants to try analyzing politeness
principle using Geoff Leech’s theory by title “Maxims of Politeness Principle found in ‘The Prince and Me’ Moviein
order to find the maxims used by the
characters and how they use those maxims.
1.2 Statement of the Problems Concerning the background of the study, the
statements of the problem are formulated
as follows: 1. What are the maxims of politeness principle
used bythe characters in “The Prince and
Me” movie? 2. How the characters in “The Prince and Me”
movie usethe maxims of politeness
principle? 4 1.3
Objectives of the Study Dealing
with the problems above, this study is intended for several objectives as follows: 1. To
classify the maxims of politeness principle usedby the characters in the “The Prince and Me” movie.
2. To explain how the characters of “The Prince
and Me” movie use the maxims of
politeness principle.
1.4 Significance of the Study The
findings of the study are supposed to give thelecturer, English students, and others contribution and
information. For the lecturer, the findings of this study are hoped to enrich the scientific
knowledge on pragmatics study, especially
in the area of politeness. Therefore, the lecturer will comprehend more the maxims of politeness principle. Then, this
finding is expected to be useful for the
readers, especially English students of MaulanaMalik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang (UIN Maliki Malang) when
they are interested in doing similar
research in future. Generally, the others who read this research hopefully know what the maxims of politeness principle
are because it is important when doing
interaction with others. It is used to make the communication being closer.
1.5 Scope and Limitation This research is focused on six maxims of
politeness principles used by the
characters which can be found in their utterances in “The Prince and Me” 5 movie
that was published in 2004 not other years. Besides, the researcher just uses Geoff Leech’s theory in analyzing the
data because he is the only person who
proposed the theory of maxims of politeness principle.
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