CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study Language is the most important knowledge of
human, and of course this must be the
naturally knowledge of them, because since they already exist, they hear something by elder
and when they grown up, they talk.
Jendra (1 - 2) state that only human kind is blessed with ‘language capasity’ (the Language Acquisition Device or
LAD), an essentially unique quality. At
least, this is what Chomsky (1968, 1972), one of the leading rhetorical linguistics in history, has
proclaimed. Chomskey’s opinion on the
human’s language is as quoted below: “When we study language, we are
approaching what some might call the ‘human
essence’, the distinctive qualities of mind that are so far as we know, unique to man.” Now days, there are so
many experts study about language that called
linguistics. Linguistic is the scientific study of human language, and it generally classified as one of the social
sciences along with sociology, anthropology,
geography, psychology. Made Jendra (2010: 8 - 9) states, in this modern era there are two terms of
linguistics; they are microscope of linguistics
and macro-scope of linguistics. Microscopes of linguistics are focusing on the internal elements of
languages. In addition, the macroscope of linguistics is referred to the group
of language studies, which focus on
analyzing the relation between language and objects, studied within other disciplines, such as
psycholinguistics (language and psychological
problem), antropolingusitics, (language and cultures), and sociolinguistics (language and societies).
Therefore, in this term
sociolinguistic gives us a wider scope to do literary researches. In this case, there are
aspects of sociolinguistics would be
applied that they are namely code switching and code mixing. These code switching and code mixing are about the
phenomenon people use more than one
languages or it ally called a bilingual. In addition, bilinguals must have a possibility that they
are in a situation to choose between two
or more codes that has to be made, so the process is called language choice.
In daily life activity people
speak about everything, generally people
are bilingual especially Indonesians. We know that Indonesia is an archipelago country that the emergence local
language is inevitable among tribes in
Indonesia. Consequently, Indonesians are at least bilinguals for ethnic languages, and Bahasa Indonesia.
Moreover, it is not surprising if some
Indonesians might be shift back and forth between the two languages as they converse either by switching
and mixing languages because of
different occasion.
The phenomenon of using ethnic
languages are happened in human’s daily
activities such as at home, at school, at bus, at office, traditional market etc. because as it is
explained before, Indonesia consist of
so many tribes which each tribe has its own native language, so it is not surprised if we can find people talk ethnic
languages like Javanese, Bataknese,
Karonese etc. in everywhere, in every activities besides they talk in Bahasa Indonesia as the national
language but unfortunately the using of
them are not too dominant, as we know that we are in a modern era, the using of national language is more
dominant in supporting for understanding
about the development of technology.
For the writer, it is very
interesting enough to analyze human’s activities
in traditional market. People in traditional market consist of variant tribes, they are might be Karonese,
Javanese, Bataknese etc. they also talk
informal, we can find they talk Bahasa Indonesia, or ethnic languages depend on what language they know,
and with whom they talk for example, if
the seller is Karonese and the purchaser speaks Karonese language or switch and mix that language with
Bahasa Indonesia, there are possibilities
that the seller might talk Karonese language, Bahasa Indonesia, or switch and mix those languages.
But as it is described above, we are in
a modern era, the languages are not only the ethnic languages but also there is the national language and
the using of national language is the
most used then ethnic languages. Traditional market is the place for people who wants to fulfill their needs that
it is the actually the real traditional
place where visited by variant tribes, but from the influence of this modern era, everything from their
cultures are one by one is disappear especially
their mindset as a traditional person to be a modern person. So even it is a traditional market, this place
has been influenced by this modern era.
So, traditional market is the interesting place to be analyzed about their choosing language from their
modern mindset as modern people even at
traditional market especially. For doing this research, the writer prefer to choose a traditional market
that namely “Pajak Sore” in Jl.
Jamin Ginting Medan.
As the focusing analysis in this
thesis, the writer will observe the activities
primarily the languages use of Karonese fruits and vegetable sellers, when they meet purchasers who speak
karonese language or switch and mix with
Bahasa Indonesia at Pajak Sore in Jl. Jamin Ginting Medan. The choosing Karonese fruit and
vegetable sellers because fruits and
vegetables are the most come from Berastagi. In that city the people are Karonese, so that’s why the writer chooses
them as the objective reason. The
example of phenomenon language choice between the Karonese fruit and vegetable sellers when they
meet the purchasers who speak karonese
language or switch and mix with Bahasa Indonesia regularly every morning at Pajak Sore in Jl.
Jamin Ginting Medan is described bellow:
Purchaser : Berapa harga sayur-sayurnya Bi? How much is
this vegetables Aunty? Karonese vegetables seller :
empat ribu sekilo, tapi kalau kam ambil dua kilo bisa kurang.
Only four thousands Rupiahs for
one kilogram, but if you take two
kilograms, you can get cheaper.
Purchaser
: sekilo saja pé enggo bias é,
Bi. Adi banci urakindu Min Regena.
Sekilo aja cukuplah, Bi. Kalau
bisa kam kurangilah harganya..
One kilogram is enough I think. I
hope you can give cheaper please..
Karonese vegetables seller :
Sekai kin aténdu? Mau berapa rupanya kam? How much do you want? Purchase :
Telu ribu saja bahan yah Bi? Tiga ribu saja buat ya, Bi? How about three
thousands Rupiahs, Aunty? Karonese vegetables seller :
Lenga mbera. Unga adi telu ribu lima ratus saja sibahan? Belum bisa. Kalau tiga
ribu lima ratus aja kita buat cemana? Sorry it can’t. How about three thousands five hundreds Rupiahs? Purchase :
lanai kin banci denga urak é, Bi? Apa gak bisa lagi kurang, Bi? Would
you give cheaper, Bi? Karonese vegetables seller :
Hmmm Ué yah, Ué yah Telu ribu saja.
Explanation: Italic sentences are Karonese language and
Bahasa Indonesia.The normal sentences
are English language.
From the example above, the
writer sees the case of language choice
that the purchaser chooses Karonese language for the third conversation, and after that the Karonese
vegetables seller answers him with
Karonese language too. So in this case, the writer wants to see this case seriously, what are the factors the
karonese vegetables seller answer him
with Karonese language after the third conversation? Then what are the categories of purchasers for choosing a
particular language? The purpose of this
thesis is to see the cases of language choice, and code switching and code mixing in
particular occasion.
1.2 Problem of the Study Based on the
background of this thesis, there are two questions need to be answered they are: 1. Do the Karonese fruit and vegetable sellers
at Pajak Sore in Jl. Jamin Ginting Medan
choose a particular language? 2. What
are the factors of the Karonese fruit and vegetable sellers at Pajak Sore in Jl. Jamin Ginting Medan for choosing a
particular language? 3. What are the
categoriesof purchasers for choosing a particular language? 1.3 Objective of
the Study Due to the question/problems above, this thesis is meant to answer that question. In other words, the expected
form this analysis is: 1. To know the
language is choosen by Karonese fruit and vegetable sellers at Pajak Sore in Jl. Jamin Ginting Medan.
2. To know the factors why Karonese fruit and
vegetable sellers are at Pajak Sore in
Jl. Jamin Ginting Medan choose a particular language.
3. To know categories of purchasers for choosing
a particular language.
1.4 Scope of the Analysis Based
on the fore mentioned background of analysis and facts that the writer finds actually, there are some
interesting cases that can be analyzed,
but the writer only focuses on the language choice, and also code switching
mixing of Karonese fruit and vegetable sellers at Pajak Sore in Jl. Jamin Ginting Medan when they
meet the purchaser with observation time
about one month.
1.5 Significance of the Study There
are two significances of the analysis of this thesis, they are: 1. Academically, this study is expected to give
some useful contributions to the theory
of Sociolinguistics, particularly the theory of code switching and code mixing 2.
Practically, this thesis can give more data about language choice that
is used by group of community,
especially from undergraduate students which
can used of data for language maintenance or language shift.
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