CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION 1.1.
Background of the Study Human
beings live in the world as social beings (Halliday: 1973). They are united and relate to each other because they
have something in common, language for
instance. In using language, social beingsuse a social systemic system to
express feelings and thoughts, share
ideas, communicate information, and make a social interaction. As a system ofcommunication,
language usessignals, such as voice sounds,
gestures, or written symbols. Those signals have meanings. Languages involve three generalized meanings or
functions, called metafunctions; ideational, textual, and interpersonal.
One of major grammatical system
of ideational function is transitivity.
Transitivity, as the part of
ideational function, is a grammatical system that is used to construct a speech. It is the phenomena of
things (living and non-living, abstract and concrete), of ‘goings on’ (what the things are
or do), and the circumstances surrounding
the happenings and doings of the real life facts. The transitivity system is realized through participants, processes,
and circumstances.
In appropriate with the title of
this thesis “An Analysis of Steve Jobs’ Speech Observed from The Perspective of Transitivity
System”, the writer analyzes a speech and
finds out the components of Transitivity (participant, process, circumstance)
in a speech. The writer herself has some
reasons why she chooses a speech as her main object which is going to be analyzed. First,
it is because speech is a way of people to communicate to each other. Speech is a part of
language itself. By using a speech, people
can deliver the ideas or messages and even can influence and motivate others.
Second, it is because speech
consists of the level of meaning, saying or wording, and sounding or writing. So, a speech can be
analyzed based on the system of transitivity.
The writer takes a sentence from
Julia Gillard, the 27th Prime minister of Australia’s speech as an example: ‘Barry Jones has a
unique place in Australian political life’.
This sentence is analyzed by
using Transitivity: Barry Jones has a unique place in Australian political life.
Participant: carrier Process: relational (attributive) Participant: attribute Circumstance: place Furthermore, the writer chooses a speech of
Steve Jobs which is going to be analyzed.
The reason for choosing Steve Jobs’ speech instead of others are first it is because this speech is one of the best
speeches quoted by many people and books.
One of the books is “Steve Jobs:
Otak Genius Di Balik Kesuksesan Apple”by Hermawan Aksan. Second, it is because this
speech is the last speech delivered by Steve
Jobs before he died.. Besides, it is because Steve Jobs is remembered for many things. He was born on February 24, 1955 inSan
Francisco, California, as Steven Paul Jobs.
He is not only as an American businessman and technology visionary who is best known as the co-founder, chairman, and
chief executive officer of Apple Inc., but
he also co-founded and served as chief executive of Pixar Animation Studios and
became a member of the board of
directors of The Walt Disney Company in 2006, when Disney acquired Pixar. Through Apple,
Jobs was widely recognized as a charismatic
pioneer of the personal computer and consumer electronics fields.
Besides, he is also remembered as
one ofthe most powerful and charismatic orators and marketers. He died on October 5, 2011. For
those reason, the writer believes that through
his inspirational speech, he can inspire many people.
According to Halliday in Sinar
(2002:43), the framework of the process status,
as set up in the clause grammar,is that a process consists of three components: (1) the process itself, typically realized by
a verb or a verbal group, (2)
participants in the process, typically realized by a noun or a nominal group, and (3) circumstances associated with the process, typically realized by an adverbial group or a prepositional
group/phrase.
Process is central to
transitivity. There are indeed six different process types identified by Halliday. They are Material Process (process of material doing),
Mental Process (process of sensing),
Relational Process (process of being and having), Verbal Process (process of
saying), Behavioral Process (process of psychological and physiological behavior), and
Existential Process (process of existence).
The participants are directly involved in the process: the one who does behaves, senses, says, is, or exists. Each of
the process has its own participant. While circumstances answer such questions as when,
where, why, how, how many, andas what.
To see how Transitivity is
applied in analyzing Steve Jobs’ speech, the writer takes a sentence from that speech as the
example: ‘Woz and I started Apple in my parents
garage when I was 20.’ Woz and I
started Apple in
my parents garage.
when I was 20.
Participant: actor Process:
material Participant: goal Circ.:
place Circ.: time Ideational function consists of experiential
and logical function. The experiential
function is realized by the transitivity. Transitivity generally refers to how meaning is represented in the clause.
Itplays a role in showing how the speakers encode in language. For these reasons,
transitivity is chosen toanalyze the Steve Jobs’ speech as the main object.
1.2. Problems of the Study According to the title of this thesis “An
Analysis of Steve Jobs’ Speech Observed
from The Perspective of Transitivity System”, the writer tries to clarify the problems into some questions, they are: 1. How are the components of transitivity
realized in the Steve Jobs’ Speech? 2.
What is the most dominant type of transitivity process in the Steve Jobs’ Speech? 1.3.
Objectives of the Study Dealing
with the analysis of transitivity found in the Steve Jobs’ Speech, the objectives of the analysis of this thesis are:
1. To describe how the components of
transitivity realized in the Steve Jobs’ Speech.
0 komentar:
Posting Komentar