CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
This chapter discusses background of the study,
problems of the study, objective of the
study, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study and definition of key terms.
1.1 Background of the study Writing is an activity which is recommended by
Allah SWT, Allah SWT states on holy
Qur’an (the fourth verse of surah Al-alaq). It means that Allah SWT teaches the human being with
pen (writing). The statement can be assumed
that, by writing we can obtain more knowledge. This is because in writing we are reading. Overall, surah Al-alaq
informs that, Allah SWT Creates human
being from contemptible stuff then Allah SWT Makes them prosperous through writing and reading. Because by
writing andreading, human being will obtain
knowledge. Therefore, writing is recommendedin order to increase our knowledge and finally we obtain our glory. By
the reason above this research also important
to be done.
Writing is one of language skill
that is importantto express ideas and opinions
in the form of scientific writing. However, it is considered difficult by some writers because it needs some processes.
The writers think out sentences and consider
various ways of combining and arranging them. They reread what they have written as a stimulus to further writing.
Theyshould make notes, drafts and they
also need to revise it for satisfying result. Besides, a good grammar and a 14 good
organization are also required in order to be good writing. In short, writing
is neither easy nor spontaneous activity.
Hairston (1986: 78) states that,
in writing an essay there are four elements should be paid attention namely, purpose,
audience,persona, and argument. He adds
that the purpose always needs to begin by asking, “Why am I writing this? What is the need for it and what do I hope to
accomplish?” In other words the writer
should have clear idea of goals for the paper or essay. Meanwhile to identify the audience, the writer should pay
attention to the key question, “Who are
they? What knowledge of the topic or attitudes about it do they bring with them to their reading? And why are they
reading?” Then, the persona (mask) is decided
by paying attention to the authentic voice and the ethical appeal of the writer. And finally, to identify the argument,
the writer should focus on logical and
non logical argument.
Argumentative essay as the
product of writing aims at persuading the reader. People, today is not necessary to
express their idea verbally, because there is more effective way to express the idea that
is writing. Moreover, to obtain the goal
of the idea, the writer should pay attention to the rhetorical elements, purpose, audience, and persona (Hairston,
1986: 78). Moreover, Oshima and Hogne
(1999: 2) add that knowing the audience will help the writer communicates clearly and effectively to the reader.
Moreover, tone of writing reveals the writer’s attitude toward the subject by the choice of
words,the grammatical structure, and the
length of the sentences.
In addition, the purpose of a piece of writing
will determine the rhetorical form–the
organizational form and style–chosen for it. Therefore, to obtain the 15 goal
of argumentative essay, the writer not only paid attention on the rhetorical elements, but also to the sentence structure and
word choice.
This study is devoted to the
elements of rhetoric of argumentative essays on Islamica magazine. Subsequently, there are
some examples of rhetorical elements on
Islamica magazine. For instance, the purpose is to inform young people from ten to thirteen years old to the
effects of alcohol on their body and to try
to persuade them not to start drinking. Moreover the audience is the type one audience (general audience). It consists of
readerswho are unfamiliar with the subject.
Then the persona uses ethical appeal, which always gives example. And the argument uses non logical argument by
using connotation and figurative language.
Islamica Magazine is a
full-colour, glossy quarterly international magazine. It is published by the Centre for
Inter-Civilization Dialogue Inc. This is a non-profit organization based in the US.
Islamica Magazine's main aims are to broaden
the perspectives on Islam and provide a voice for Muslims to articulate their concerns while establishing cross-cultural
relations with their neighbors and co-religionists.
The majority of Islamica’s readership is in North America. Yet it has a significant presence in the UK and
Europe andis distributed in over 20 countries
worldwide. Moreover, the topics it coverinclude religion, family, mysticism, Law, Politics, History, Philosophy,
Economics, Sociology, Anthropology,
Psychology, Psychiatry, Health, Education, current affairs, culture, Science & Technology, Media, Literature,
Poetry, Fiction, Art & Architecture.
There are some researchers have
conducted some researches in the same field,
such as Restuanto (1994), who has analyzed about “the rhetoric used in 16 scientific
and technical text books”, Budiharso (2001), who has analyzed about “rhetoric and the linguistics features of
English and Indonesian essays by EFL undergraduate
students”, And the last is Sugiyanto (2005), who has analyzed about “rhetorical features of the English
essay written by the sixth semester EFL students
of D3 English program at Merdeka University Malang”.
Finally, the study which is
entitled rhetorical element analysis on the argumentative essays in Islamica magazine is
very important to be observed, because
the research is very useful for the students who take writing course.
Besides, this study is also
useful for the next researchers who are interested in conducting researches on rhetoric, for the
consideration and reference.
1.2 Problems of the study In order to get clear description of the
rhetoricalelements on argumentative
essays on Islamica magazine the writer states some problems of study as follow; How the rhetorical elements are used on the
argumentative essays in Islamica magazine?
This research problem is implemented in
research questions, as follow; a. What
is the purpose of the argumentative essays on Islamica magazine? b. What is the persona of the argumentative
essays on Islamica magazine? c. Who are
the audiences of the argumentative essays on Islamica magazine? d. What is the argument of the argumentative
essayson Islamica magazine? 17 1.3
Objective of the study In line
with the problems of the study above, the objective of the study is to describe the rhetorical elements applied on
the argumentative essays on Islamica
magazine.
This research objectives to
answer the research problem; it is done through answering the research questions. The
objectives are follow; a. To identify
the purpose of the argumentative essays on Islamica magazine.
b. To identify the persona of the
argumentative essays on Islamica magazine.
c. To identify the audiences of the
argumentative essays on Islamica magazine.
d. To identify the argument of
the argumentative essays on Islamica magazine.
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